c语言socket select,select 与 socket问题求分析

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timeout is an upper bound on the amount of time elapsed before select() returns. It may be zero, causing select() to

return immediately. (This is useful for polling.) If timeout is NULL (no timeout), select() can block indefinitely.

sigmask is a pointer to a signal mask (see sigprocmask(2)); if it is not NULL, then pselect() first replaces the current

signal mask by the one pointed to by sigmask, then does the ‘select’ function, and then restores the original signal

mask.

Other than the difference in the precision of the timeout argument, the following pselect() call:

ready = pselect(nfds, &readfds, &writefds, &exceptfds,

timeout, &sigmask);

is equivalent to atomically executing the following calls:

sigset_t origmask;

sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, &origmask);

ready = select(nfds, &readfds, &writefds, &exceptfds, timeout);

sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &origmask, NULL);

The reason that pselect() is needed is that if one wants to wait for either a signal or for a file descriptor to become

ready, then an atomic test is needed to prevent race conditions. (Suppose the signal handler sets a global flag and

returns. Then a test of this global flag followed by a call of select() could hang indefinitely if the signal arrived

just after the test but just before the call. By contrast, pselect() allows one to first block signals, handle the sig-

nals that have come in, then call pselect() with the desired sigmask, avoiding the race.)

The timeout

The time structures involved are defined in and look like

struct timeval {

long tv_sec; /* seconds */

long tv_usec; /* microseconds */

};

and

struct timespec {

long tv_sec; /* seconds */

long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */

};

(However, see below on the POSIX.1-2001 versions.)

Some code calls select() with all three sets empty, n zero, and a non-NULL timeout as a fairly portable way to sleep

with subsecond precision.

On Linux, select() modifies timeout to reflect the amount of time not slept; most other implementations do not do this.

(POSIX.1-2001 permits either behaviour.) This causes problems both when Linux code which reads timeout is ported to

other operating systems, and when code is ported to Linux that reuses a struct timeval for multiple select()s in a loop

without reinitializing it. Consider timeout to be undefined after select() returns.

RETURN VALUE

On success, select() and pselect() return the number of file descriptors contained in the three returned descriptor sets

(that is, the total number of bits that are set in readfds, writefds, exceptfds) which may be zero if the timeout

expires before anything interesting happens. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately; the sets and

timeout become undefined, so do not rely on their contents after an error.

ERRORS

EBADF An invalid file descriptor was given in one of the sets. (Perhaps a file descriptor that was already closed, or

one on which an error has occurred.)

EINTR A signal was caught.

EINVAL nfds is negative or the value contained within timeout is invalid.

ENOMEM unable to allocate memory for internal tables.