mysql 认证等级_MySQL 授权认证

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-17 11:55:56 发布

戴尔科技集团

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-17 11:55:56 发布

阅读量372

点赞数

文章标签： mysql 认证等级

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42299131/article/details/113215373

版权

1. 数据库权限

• MySQL权限级别

• 全局性的管理权限，作用于整个MySQL实例级别

• 数据库级别的权限，作用于某个指定的数据库上或者所有的数据库上

• 数据库对象级别的权限，作用于指定的数据库对象上(表、视图等)或者所有的数据库对象上

• 授权后的权限都会存放在MySQL的内部数据库中(数据库名叫mysql),并在数据库启动之后把权限信息复制到内存中

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

• 权限存储在mysql库的user, db, tables_priv, columns_priv, and procs_priv这几个系统表中，待MySQL实例启动后就加载到内存中

mysql>use mysql;

mysql>show tables;

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_mysql |

+---------------------------+

| user |

| db |

| tables_priv |

| columns_priv |

| procs_priv |

+---------------------------+

# 8.0

mysql> select user,host,plugin frommysql.user;

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| root | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+# 5.7

mysql> select user,host,plugin frommysql.user;

+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin |

+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| root | localhost | mysql_native_password |

| mysql.session | localhost | mysql_native_password |

| mysql.sys | localhost | mysql_native_password |

+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+

mysql> show grants for root@"localhost";+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

mysql> show grants for root@"localhost"\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.*TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION*************************** 2. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN,BINLOG_ADMIN,CONNECTION_ADMIN,ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN,GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN,PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_USER,ROLE_ADMIN,SET_USER_ID,SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN,XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.*TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION*************************** 3. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost'WITH GRANT OPTIONmysql> show grants for "mysql.sys"@"localhost";+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for mysql.sys@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+mysql> show grants for "mysql.sys"@"localhost"\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Grantsfor mysql.sys@localhost: GRANT USAGE ON *.*TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost`*************************** 2. row ***************************Grantsfor mysql.sys@localhost: GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.*TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost`*************************** 3. row ***************************Grantsformysql.sys@localhost: GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost`

权限详解

• All/All Privileges 权限代表全局或者全数据库对象级别的所有权限

• Alter 权限代表允许修改表结构的权限，但必须要求有create和insert权限配合。如果是rename表名，则要求有alter和drop原表，create和insert新表的权限

• Alter routine 权限代表允许修改或者删除存储过程、函数的权限

• Create 权限代表允许创建新的数据库和表的权限

• Create routine 权限代表允许创建存储过程、函数的权限

• Create tablespace 权限代表允许创建、修改、删除表空间和日志组的权限• Create temporary tables 权限代表允许创建临时表的权限

• Create user 权限代表允许创建、修改、删除、重命名user的权限

• Create view 权限代表允许创建视图的权限

• Delete 权限代表允许删除行数据的权限

• Drop 权限代表允许删除数据库、表、视图的权限，包括truncate table命令

• Event 权限代表允许查询，创建，修改，删除MySQL事件

• Execute 权限代表允许执行存储过程和函数的权限

• File 权限代表允许在MySQL可以访问的目录进行读写磁盘文件操作，可使用的命令包括load data infile,select… into outfile,load file()函数

• Grant option 权限代表是否允许此用户授权或者收回你给予的权限其他用户

• Index 权限代表是否允许创建和删除索引

• Insert 权限代表是否允许在表里插入数据，同时在执行analyze table, optimize table, repair table语句的时候也需要insert权限

• Lock 权限代表允许对拥有select权限的表进行锁定，以防止其他链接对此表的读或写

• Process 权限代表允许查看MySQL中的进程信息，比如执行show processlist, mysqladmin processlist, show engine等命令

• Reference 权限是在5.7.6版本之后引入，代表是否允许创建外键

• Reload 权限代表允许执行flush命令，指明重新加载权限表到系统内存中，refresh命令代表关闭和重新开启日志文件并刷新所有的表

• Replication client 权限代表允许执行show master status, showslave status, show binary logs命令

• Replication slave 权限代表允许slave主机通过此用户连接master以便建立主从复制关系

• Select 权限代表允许从表中查看数据，某些不查询表数据的select执行则不需要此权限，如Select1+1，Select PI()+2；而且select权限在执行update/delete语句中含有where条件的情况下也是需要的

• Show databases 权限代表通过执行show databases命令查看所有的数据库名

• Show view 权限代表通过执行show create view命令查看视图创建的语句

• Shutdown 权限代表允许关闭数据库实例，执行语句包括mysqladmin shutdown

• Super 权限代表允许执行一系列数据库管理命令，包括kill强制关闭某个连接命令，change master to创建复制关系命令，以及create/alter/drop server等命令

• Trigger 权限代表允许创建，删除，执行，显示触发器的权限

• Update 权限代表允许修改表中的数据的权限

• Usage 权限是创建一个用户之后的默认权限，其本身代表连接登录权限

2. 系统权限表

• 权限存储在mysql库的user, db, tables_priv, columns_priv, and procs_priv这几个系统表中，待MySQL实例启动后就加载到内存中

• user表：存放用户账户信息以及全局级别(所有数据库)权限，决定了来自哪些主机的哪些用户可以访问数据库实例，如果有全局权限则意味着对所有数据库都有此权限

• db表：存放数据库级别的权限，决定了来自哪些主机的哪些用户可以访问此数据库

• tables_priv表：存放表级别的权限，决定了来自哪些主机的哪些用户可以访问数据库的这个表

• columns_priv表：存放列级别的权限，决定了来自哪些主机的哪些用户可以访问数据库表的这个字段

• procs_priv表：存放存储过程和函数级别的权限

mysql> show grants forroot@localhost\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.*TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION*************************** 2. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN,BINLOG_ADMIN,CONNECTION_ADMIN,ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN,GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN,PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_USER,ROLE_ADMIN,SET_USER_ID,SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN,XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.*TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION*************************** 3. row ***************************Grantsfor root@localhost: GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost'WITH GRANT OPTION3 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='root' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

User: root

Select_priv: Y

Insert_priv: Y

Update_priv: Y

Delete_priv: Y

Create_priv: Y

Drop_priv: Y

Reload_priv: Y

Shutdown_priv: Y

Process_priv: Y

File_priv: Y

Grant_priv: Y

References_priv: Y

Index_priv: Y

Alter_priv: Y

Show_db_priv: Y

Super_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

Lock_tables_priv: Y

Execute_priv: Y

Repl_slave_priv: Y

Repl_client_priv: Y

Create_view_priv: Y

Show_view_priv: Y

Create_routine_priv: Y

Alter_routine_priv: Y

Create_user_priv: Y

Event_priv: Y

Trigger_priv: Y

Create_tablespace_priv: Y

ssl_type:

ssl_cipher:

x509_issuer:

x509_subject:

max_questions:0max_updates:0max_connections:0max_user_connections:0plugin: caching_sha2_password

authentication_string:

password_expired: N

password_last_changed:2020-08-04 10:04:07password_lifetime: NULL

account_locked: N

Create_role_priv: Y

Drop_role_priv: Y

Password_reuse_history: NULL

Password_reuse_time: NULL

Password_require_current: NULL1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.db where user='root' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv where user='root' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.columns_priv where user='root' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.01sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.procs_priv where user='root' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.02 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'mysql.sys'@localhost;+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for mysql.sys@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

User: mysql.sys

Select_priv: N

Insert_priv: N

Update_priv: N

Delete_priv: N

Create_priv: N

Drop_priv: N

Reload_priv: N

Shutdown_priv: N

Process_priv: N

File_priv: N

Grant_priv: N

References_priv: N

Index_priv: N

Alter_priv: N

Show_db_priv: N

Super_priv: N

Create_tmp_table_priv: N

Lock_tables_priv: N

Execute_priv: N

Repl_slave_priv: N

Repl_client_priv: N

Create_view_priv: N

Show_view_priv: N

Create_routine_priv: N

Alter_routine_priv: N

Create_user_priv: N

Event_priv: N

Trigger_priv: N

Create_tablespace_priv: N

ssl_type:

ssl_cipher:

x509_issuer:

x509_subject:

max_questions:0max_updates:0max_connections:0max_user_connections:0plugin: caching_sha2_password

authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED

password_expired: N

password_last_changed:2020-08-04 10:04:09password_lifetime: NULL

account_locked: Y

Create_role_priv: N

Drop_role_priv: N

Password_reuse_history: NULL

Password_reuse_time: NULL

Password_require_current: NULL1 row in set (0.01sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.db where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

Db: sys

User: mysql.sys

Select_priv: N

Insert_priv: N

Update_priv: N

Delete_priv: N

Create_priv: N

Drop_priv: N

Grant_priv: N

References_priv: N

Index_priv: N

Alter_priv: N

Create_tmp_table_priv: N

Lock_tables_priv: N

Create_view_priv: N

Show_view_priv: N

Create_routine_priv: N

Alter_routine_priv: N

Execute_priv: N

Event_priv: N

Trigger_priv: Y1 row in set (0.01sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

Db: sys

User: mysql.sys

Table_name: sys_config

Grantor: root@localhost

Timestamp:2020-08-04 10:04:09Table_priv: Select

Column_priv:1 row in set (0.01sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.columns_priv where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.00sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.procs_priv where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G

Emptyset (0.00 sec)

• user权限表结构中的特殊字段

• plugin,password,authentication_string三个字段存放用户认证信息

• password_expired设置成’Y’则表明允许DBA将此用户的密码设置成过期而且过期后要求用户的使用者重置密码(alter user/set password重置密码)

• password_last_changed作为一个时间戳字段代表密码上次修改时间，执行create user/alter user/set password/grant等命令创建用户或修改用户密码时此数值自动更新

• password_lifetime代表从password_last_changed时间开始此密码过期的天数

• pccount_locked代表此用户被锁住，无法使用

# 8.0

mysql>desc mysql.user;+--------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| account_locked | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

# 5.7

mysql>desc mysql.user;+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| account_locked | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+

45 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc mysql.db;

mysql>desc mysql.tables_priv;+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |

| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |

| Table_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| Grantor | char(93) | NO | MUL | | |

| Table_priv | set('Select','Insert','Update','Delete','Create','Drop','Grant','References','Index','Alter','Create View','Show view','Trigger') | NO | | | |

8 rows in set (0.01sec)mysql>desc mysql.columns_priv;+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |

| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |

| Table_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| Column_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

7 rows in set (0.02sec)

mysql>desc mysql.procs_priv;+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |

| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |

| Routine_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |

| Grantor | char(93) | NO | MUL | | |

+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

• procs_priv权限表结构

• routine_type是枚举类型，代表是存储过程还是函数

• timestamp 和 grantor两个字段暂时没用

• 系统权限表字段长度限制表

+--------------+----------------------------------------+

| Field | Type |

+--------------+----------------------------------------+

| Host | char(60) |

| Db | char(64) |

| User | char(32) |

| Routine_name | char(64) |

| Table_name | char(64) |

| Column_name | char(64) |

| Routine_name | char(64) |

• 权限认证中的大小写敏感问题

• 字段user,password,authencation_string,db,table_name大小写敏感

• 字段host,column_name,routine_name大小写不敏感

3. 查看用户权限信息

# 8.0• 查看已经授权给用户的权限信息

mysql> show grants forroot@localhost;+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@localhost |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION |

| GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN,BINLOG_ADMIN,CONNECTION_ADMIN,ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN,GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN,PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_USER,ROLE_ADMIN,SET_USER_ID,SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN,XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.* TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION |

| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

• 查看用户的其他非授权信息

mysql>show create user root@localhost;+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| CREATE USER for root@localhost |

| CREATE USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT |

1 row in set (0.02sec)

#5.7• 查看已经授权给用户的权限信息

mysql> show grants forroot@localhost;+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.01sec)

• 查看用户的其他非授权信息

mysql>show create user root@localhost;+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| CREATE USER for root@localhost |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| CREATE USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4. MySQL 授权用户

• MySQL的授权用户由两部分组成：用户名和登录主机名

• 表达用户的语法为'user_name'@'host_name'

• 单引号不是必须，但如果其中包含特殊字符则是必须的

• ''@'localhost'代表匿名登录的用户

• Host_name可以使主机名或者ipv4/ipv6的地址。Localhost代表本机，127.0.0.1代表ipv4的本机地址，::1代表ipv6的本机地址

• Host_name字段允许使用%和_两个匹配字符，比如'%'代表所有主机，'%.mysql.com'代表来自mysql.com这个域名下的所有主机，'192.168.1.%'代表所有来自192.168.1网段的主机

5. MySQL修改权限的生效

•执行grant，revoke，set password，rename user命令修改权限之后，MySQL会自动将修改后的权限信息同步加载到系统内存中

• 如果执行insert/update/delete操作上述的系统权限表之后，则必须再执行刷新权限命令才能同步到系统内存中。

刷新权限命令包括：

flush privileges

mysqladmin flush-privileges

mysqladmin reload

• 如果是修改tables和columns级别的权限，则客户端的下次操作新权限就会生效

• 如果是修改database级别的权限，则新权限在客户端执行use database命令后生效

• 如果是修改global级别的权限，则需要重新创建连接新权限才能生效

• --skip-grant-tables可以跳过所有系统权限表而允许所有用户登录，只在特殊情况下暂时使用

6. 创建MySQL用户

• 有两种方式创建MySQL授权用户

• 执行create user/grant命令(推荐方式)

• 通过insert语句直接操作MySQL系统权限表

mysql> create user olding@localhost identified by 'mysql';mysql> grant all privileges on *.*to olding@localhost with grant option;mysql> create user olding@'%' identified by 'mysql';mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to olding@'%'with grant option;mysql> create user olding1@localhost identified by 'mysql';mysql> grant reload,process on *.*to olding1@localhost;mysql> create user olding2@localhost identified by 'mysql';mysql> grant select(user) on mysql.user to olding2@localhost;mysql> show grants forolding1@localhost;+-------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for olding1@localhost |

+-------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS ON *.* TO `olding1`@`localhost` |

+-------------------------------------------------------+mysql>show create user olding1@localhost\G*************************** 1. row ***************************CREATE USERfor olding1@localhost: CREATE USER 'olding1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password' AS '$A$005$Y)\Zr.Bv%8oEN@RK:GR6vR.QpaL0w5.3Efv7KYZUzOd3WydA0bFI0YOT2IY85'REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULTmysql> show grants forolding2@localhost;+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for olding2@localhost |

+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `olding2`@`localhost` |

| GRANT SELECT (`user`) ON `mysql`.`user` TO `olding2`@`localhost` |

+------------------------------------------------------------------+mysql>show create user olding2@localhost\G*************************** 1. row ***************************CREATE USERfor olding2@localhost: CREATE USER 'olding2'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password' AS '$A$005$kUGI?Yk]d&`IzyUu EloFYGzrmUlfX0D95br9/VDMGMqkklO9x/kCBOYjBe5'REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT

7. 回收MySQL用户权限

• 通过revoke命令收回用户权限

mysql> show grants for 'mysql.sys'@localhost;+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for mysql.sys@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

+---------------------------------------------------------------+mysql> revoke select on `sys`.`sys_config` from`mysql.sys`@`localhost`;;mysql> show grants for 'mysql.sys'@localhost;+-----------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for mysql.sys@localhost |

+-----------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

| GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO `mysql.sys`@`localhost` |

+-----------------------------------------------------+

8. 删除MySQL用户

• 通过执行drop user命令删除MySQL用户

mysql> select user,host,plugin frommysql.user;+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| olding | % | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| olding | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| olding1 | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| olding2 | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| root | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+mysql>drop user olding2@localhost;mysql>drop user olding1@localhost;mysql> select user,host,plugin frommysql.user;+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| olding | % | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| olding | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

| root | localhost | caching_sha2_password |

+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+

8. 设置MySQL用户资源限制

• 通过设置全局变量max_user_connections可以限制所有用户在同一时间连接MySQL实例的数量，但此参数无法对每个用户区别对待，所以MySQL提供了对每个用户的资源限制管理

• MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR ：一个用户在一个小时内可以执行查询的次数(基本包含所有语句)

• MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR ：一个用户在一个小时内可以执行修改的次数(仅包含修改数据库或表的语句)

• MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR：一个用户在一个小时内可以连接MySQL的时间

• MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS ：一个用户可以在同一时间连接MySQL实例的数量

• 从5.0.3版本开始，对用户'user'@'%.example.com'的资源限制是指所有通过example.com域名主机连接user用户的连接，而不是分别指从host1.example.com和host2.example.com主机过来的连接

• 通过执行create user/alter user设置/修改用户的资源限制

create user olding@localhost identified with mysql_native_password by 'mysql'with

MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR20MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR10MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR5MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS2;

alter user olding@localhost with MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 100;

• 取消某项资源限制既是把原先的值修改成0

alter user olding@localhost with MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0;

• 当针对某个用户的max_user_connections非0时，则忽略全局系统参数max_user_connections，反之则全局系统参数生效

9. 设置MySQL用户的密码

• 执行create user创建用户和密码

create user olding@localhost identified with mysql_native_password by 'mysql';

• 修改用户密码的方式包括：

# 8.0,5.7都可用

alter user olding@localhost identified by'mysqls1';

alter user olding@localhost identified with mysql_native_password by'mysql1';

#8.0不可用set password for olding@localhost=password('mysql1');

grant usage on*.* to olding@localhost identified by 'mysql2';

#8.0,5.7都可用

mysqladmin-uolding -pmysql password 'mysql2'

• 修改本身用户密码的方式包括：

alter user user() identified by 'mysql';

#8.0不可用set password = password('mysql');

10. 设置MySQL用户密码过期策略

• 设置系统参数default_password_lifetime作用于所有的用户账户

• default_password_lifetime=180 设置180天过期

• default_password_lifetime=0设置密码不过期

• 如果为每个用户设置了密码过期策略，则会覆盖上述系统参数

alter user olding@localhost password expire interval90day;

alter user olding@localhost password expire never; # 密码不过期

mysql> alter user olding@localhost password expire default; # 默认过期策略

• 手动强制某个用户密码过期

alter user olding@localhost password expire;

[root@master ~]# mysql -uolding -pmysql2

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

mysql> select 1;

ERROR1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing thisstatement.

mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.10sec)

mysql> select 1;+---+

| 1 |

+---+

| 1 |

+---+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

11. MySQL用户lock

• 通过执行create user/alter user命令中带account lock/unlock子句设置用户的lock状态

• create user语句默认的用户是unlock状态

create user olding@localhost identified by 'mysql' account lock;

• alter user语句默认不会修改用户的lock/unlock状态

mysql> alter user 'mysql.sys'@localhost account lock;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.03sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

User: mysql.sysaccount_locked: Ymysql> alter user 'mysql.sys'@localhost account unlock;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.11sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='mysql.sys' and host='localhost'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Host: localhost

User: mysql.sysaccount_locked: N

• 当客户端使用lock状态的用户登录MySQL时，会收到如此报错

[root@master ~]# mysql -uolding -pmysql

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

ERROR3118 (HY000): Access denied for user 'olding'@'localhost'. Account is locked.

12. 企业应用中的常规MySQL用户

• 企业生产系统中MySQL用户的创建通常由DBA统一协调创建，而且按需创建

• DBA通常直接使用root用户来管理数据库

• 通常会创建指定业务数据库上的增删改查、临时表、执行存储过程的权限给应用程序来连接数据库

mysql> create user olding@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'mysql';mysql> grant select,update,insert,delete,create temporary tables,execute on world.* to olding@'10.0.0.%';mysql> show grants for olding@'10.0.0.%';+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for olding@10.0.0.% |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `olding`@`10.0.0.%` |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, EXECUTE ON `world`.* TO `olding`@`10.0.0.%` |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+mysql> show create user olding@'10.0.0.%';+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| CREATE USER for olding@10.0.0.% |

| CREATE USER 'olding'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+mysql> show create user olding@'10.0.0.%'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************CREATE USERfor olding@10.0.0.%: CREATE USER 'olding'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA'REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT

• 通常也会创建指定业务数据库上的只读权限给特定应用程序或某些高级别人员来查询数据，防止数据被修改

create user olding_readonly@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'mysql';

grantselect on world.* to olding_readonly@'10.0.0.%';

13. 企业应用中的MySQL用户密码设定

• 企业生产系统中MySQL用户的密码设定有严格的规范，通常要有密码复杂度、密码长度等要求

• 搜索网上的密码生成器，能按要求生成随机密码

戴尔科技集团

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
复制链接

分享到 QQ

分享到新浪微博

扫一扫