Enum枚举详解

1 Enum枚举

1.1 什么是枚举

• 在数学和计算机理论，枚举是一个有穷集列出所有成员的程序，是一种特殊的数据类型的对象的计数，作用是创建固有对象，保证对象不被用户更改。
• 是jdk1.5新加的新特性，Java.lang,enum是所有枚举的基类；
• 刚一看到枚举的时候定义，当时觉得很懵逼，网上看了很多的资料才对枚举有了一定的理解，枚举实际上就是一个常量对象，相对于使用public static final 来定义常量，enum 并没有优势，真正具有优势的是enum 提供了对常量对象处理的方法；
• 通常使用在一些固定不用改变的范畴例如：一年有12个月，一周有7天等

1.2 通常常量对象定义方式

• 写得有点复杂，为了后面能更好的理解enum枚举

public class Test14 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(weeks.FRI);
    }
}
class weeks{
    //MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT,SUN
    //定义常量对象，以星期为例
    private String week;
    private weeks(String week){
        this.week=week;
    };
    //定义常量对象，以星期为例
    public static final weeks MON=new weeks("MON");
    public static final weeks TUE=new weeks("TUE");
    public static final weeks WED=new weeks("WED");
    public static final weeks THU=new weeks("THU");
    public static final weeks FRI=new weeks("FRI");
    public static final weeks SAT=new weeks("SAT");
    public static final weeks SUN=new weeks("SUN");

	//重写toString方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return week;
    }
}

1.3 enum的格式

• 修饰符 关键字 枚举名
• 定义多个枚举的时候要以分号结束
• 构造方法私有化
• 定义一个星期的枚举

public class Test13  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(week.FRI);
    }
}
enum week{
    MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT,SUN
}

这样看起来是不是很很简便，也可以增加一些形式参数

public class Test13  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(week.FRI);
    }
}
enum week{
    MON("星期一","Monday"),TUE("星期二","Tuesday"),WED("星期三","Wednesday"),THU("星期四","Thursday"),FRI("星期五","Friday"),SAT("星期六","Saturday"),SUN("星期七","Sunday");
    private String ChineseWeek;
    private String EnglishWeek;
    private week(String ChineseWeek ,String EnglishWeek ){
        this.ChineseWeek=ChineseWeek;
        this.EnglishWeek=EnglishWeek;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "week{" +
                "ChineseWeek='" + ChineseWeek + '\'' +
                ", EnglishWeek='" + EnglishWeek + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

1.4 enum的方法

• values()返回的是枚举类型的数组；
• valueof()把传入的字符串转化为枚举对象，传入的字符串必须是枚举的名字不然会报错
• ordinal()获取枚举所在的索引
• name()获取枚举的常量的名称
• compareTo()比较枚举索引的大小
  举例：

public class Test13  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //获取一个关于week枚举的数据
        week[] values = week.values();
        for (week weeks:values) {
            //打印week的名字
            System.out.println(weeks.name());
            //打印枚举对象属性
            System.out.println(weeks.toString());
            //获取每一个枚举元素的索引
            System.out.println(weeks.ordinal());
        }
        System.out.println("===================================");
        //把字符串MON转换成一个枚举常量对象
        week mon = week.valueOf("MON");
        //打印这个对象
        System.out.println(mon);
        System.out.println("===================================");
        //比较这个2个元素的索引的大小
        int i = week.SUN.compareTo(week.MON);
        System.out.println(i);


    }
}
enum week{
    MON("星期一","Monday"),TUE("星期二","Tuesday"),WED("星期三","Wednesday"),THU("星期四","Thursday"),FRI("星期五","Friday"),SAT("星期六","Saturday"),SUN("星期七","Sunday");
    private String ChineseWeek;
    private String EnglishWeek;
    private week(String ChineseWeek ,String EnglishWeek ){
        this.ChineseWeek=ChineseWeek;
        this.EnglishWeek=EnglishWeek;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "week{" +
                "ChineseWeek='" + ChineseWeek + '\'' +
                ", EnglishWeek='" + EnglishWeek + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

1.5 枚举类实现接口

• 枚举类不能继承其他类，因为已经继承了所有枚举的基类java.lang.enum,但是可以实现接口

public class Test13  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      //调用接口实现的方法
        week.SUN.getWeek();


    }
}
enum week implements WeekInformation{
    MON("星期一","Monday"),TUE("星期二","Tuesday"),WED("星期三","Wednesday"),THU("星期四","Thursday"),FRI("星期五","Friday"),SAT("星期六","Saturday"),SUN("星期七","Sunday");
    private String ChineseWeek;
    private String EnglishWeek;
    private week(String ChineseWeek ,String EnglishWeek ){
        this.ChineseWeek=ChineseWeek;
        this.EnglishWeek=EnglishWeek;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "week{" +
                "ChineseWeek='" + ChineseWeek + '\'' +
                ", EnglishWeek='" + EnglishWeek + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    @Override
    public void getWeek(){
        System.out.println("这是一个星期");
    }
}

interface WeekInformation{
    void getWeek();
}