python中的保留字介绍
- 1. False:
- 2. None:
- 3. True:
- 4. and:
- 5. as:
- 6. assert:
- 7. async:
- 8. await:
- 9. break:
- 10. class:
- 11. continue:
- 12. def:
- 13. del:
- 14. elif:
- 15. else:
- 16. except:
- 17. finally:
- 18. for:
- 19. from:
- 20. global:
- 21. if:
- 22. import:
- 23. in:
- 24. is:
- 25. lambda:
- 26. nonlocal:
- 27. not:
- 28. or:
- 29. pass:
- 30. raise:
- 31. return:
- 32. try:
- 33. while:
- 34. with:
- 35. yield:
在Python中,保留字(也称为关键字)是具有特殊含义的单词,不能用作标识符(如变量名、函数名等)。Python最新版本中有 35 个保留字
1. False:
- 布尔类型的假值
if not True:
print(False)
2. None:
- 表示空值或不存在的对象
value = None
if value is None:
print("Value is None")
3. True:
- 布尔类型的真值
if True:
print("This will always print")
4. and:
- 逻辑与运算符
if True and False:
print("This won't print")
5. as:
- 用于模块导入时的别名设定,或者在上下文管理器中使用
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
6. assert:
- 用于调试时的断言,检查表达式是否为真,否则引发 AssertionError
assert 2 + 2 == 4, "Math is broken!"
7. async:
- 用于定义异步函数或与异步操作相关
async def my_coroutine():
print("Coroutine is running")
8. await:
- 用于等待异步函数的完成
async def main():
await my_coroutine()
9. break:
- 用于终止循环
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
break
print(i)
10. class:
- 用于定义类
class MyClass:
def __init__(self):
self.value = 0
11. continue:
- 用于跳过当前循环的剩余语句,继续下一次循环
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
continue
print(i)
12. def:
- 用于定义函数
def my_function():
print("Hello, world!")
13. del:
- 用于删除对象或对象的属性
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
del my_list[1]
print(my_list) # Output: [1, 3]
14. elif:
- else if 的缩写,用于条件判断
x = 10
if x > 20:
print("x is greater than 20")
elif x > 10:
print("x is between 10 and 20")
else:
print("x is 10 or less")
15. else:
- 用于条件判断或循环的 else 部分
x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
else:
print("x is 10 or less")
16. except:
- 用于异常处理,捕获特定异常
try:
x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
17. finally:
- 用于异常处理,无论是否发生异常都会执行
try:
x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
print("This will always execute")
18. for:
- 用于循环迭代
for i in range(5):
print(i)
19. from:
- 用于模块导入,指定从哪个模块导入
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0
20. global:
- 用于声明变量是在全局作用域中
x = 0
def func():
global x
x = 1
func()
print(x) # Output: 1
21. if:
- 用于条件判断
if x > 0:
print("x is positive")
22. import:
- 用于导入模块
import math
print(math.pi)
23. in:
- 用于成员资格测试或迭代中的循环
if 2 in [1, 2, 3]:
print("2 is in the list")
24. is:
- 用于身份测试,检查两个对象是否是同一个实例
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
print(a is b) # Output: True
25. lambda:
- 用于创建匿名函数
double = lambda x: x * 2
print(double(5)) # Output: 10
26. nonlocal:
- 用于声明变量是在闭包的外部作用域中,但不是全局的
def outer():
x = 1
def inner():
nonlocal x
x = 2
inner()
print(x) # Output: 2
outer()
27. not:
- 逻辑非运算符
if not True:
print("This won't print")
28. or:
- 逻辑或运算符
if True or False:
print("This will print")
29. pass:
- 空语句,用于占位
def my_function():
pass # To be implemented later
30. raise:
- 用于引发异常。
raise ValueError("Invalid value")
31. return:
- 用于从函数中返回值
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(1, 2)) # Output: 3
32. try:
- 用于异常处理,尝试执行可能抛出异常的代码
try:
x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
33. while:
- 用于循环,当条件为真时重复执行代码块
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
34. with:
- 用于上下文管理器,确保资源正确管理
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
35. yield:
- 用于生成器函数,暂停函数并返回值,保持状态以便后续调用
def my_generator():
yield 1
yield 2
yield 3
gen = my_generator()
for value in gen:
print(value)