Ubuntu Server系统基础配置

官⽅使⽤⽂档：
https://help.ubuntu.com

1：更改主机名：

~$ cat /etc/hostname
ubuntu-node.example.com

2：更改⽹卡名称为eth*：
如果没有在安装系统之前传递内核参数将⽹卡名称更改为eth*，则可以在安装系统之后使⽤以下⽅式修改：

~$ cat /etc/hostname
ubuntu-node.example.com
~$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=2
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
~$ sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-55-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-55-generic
done
~$ sudo reboot

3: 配置root远程登录：
默认情况下，ubuntu不允许root⽤⼾远程ssh，如果有实际场景需要允许root⽤⼾远程ssh，则需要设置root密
码，并且编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config⽂件修改如下：

~$ sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
32 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password #默认为禁⽌登录
33 PermitRootLogin yes #改为允许登录
57 #PasswordAuthentication yes
58 PasswordAuthentication yes #打开密码认证，其实默认就是允许通过密码认证登录
~$ sudo su - root #切换到root⽤⼾环境
~# passwd #设置密码
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
~# systemctl restart sshd #重启ssh服务并测试root⽤⼾远程ssh连接

4: Ubuntu软件包管理：
在ubuntu安装、升级、卸载软件包等常规操作。
4.1：修改软件仓库：

阿⾥云仓库地址：https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
中科⼤：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html
清华⼤学：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
华为：https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/

注: 修改仓库后需要apt update后库才会加载，后续使用中如果新配置了仓库，如docker-ce添加后都需要apt update更新

4.2：apt/apt-get：

# apt list #apt列出仓库软件包，等于yum list
# apt search NAME #搜索安装包
# apt show apache2 #查看某个安装包的详细信息
# apt install apache2 #在线安装软件包
# apt remove apache2 #卸载单个软件包但是保留配置⽂件
# apt autoremove apache2 #删除安装包并解决依赖关系
# apt update #更新本地软件包列表索引，修改了apt仓库后必须执⾏
# apt purge apache2 #卸载单个软件包删除配置⽂件
# apt upgrade #升级所有已安装且可升级到新版本的软件包
# apt full-upgrade #升级整个系统，必要时可以移除旧软件包。
# apt edit-sources #编辑source源⽂件
# apt-cache madison nginx #查看仓库中软件包有哪些版本可以安装
# apt install nginx=1.14.0-0ubuntu1.6 #安装软件包的时候指定安装具体的版本

4.3: dpkg安装包管理：
rpm：RPM(Red Hat Package Manager)，是基于Red hat的Linux Distribution的包管理系统，同时也指rpm包本
⾝，RPM⽤于rpm包的管理（诸如安装、卸载、升级等）
"dpkg "是"Debian Packager "的简写,为 "Debian"专⻔开发的套件管理系统，⽅便软件的安装、更新及移除。所有
源⾃“Debian”的“Linux ”发⾏版都使⽤ “dpkg”，例如 “Ubuntu”、“Knoppix ”等。

# dpkg -i gitlab-ce_11.9.8-ce.0_amd64.deb #安装某个软件包
# dpkg -r gitlab-ce #删除某个软件包保留配置⽂件
# dpkg -r -P gitlab-ce #删除某个软件包不保留配置⽂件
# dpkg -I gitlab-ce_11.9.8-ce.0_amd64.deb #查看软件包信息
# dpkg -c gitlab-ce_11.9.8-ce.0_amd64.deb #查看软件包内的⽂件及⽬录内容
# dpkg -l #列出本机已经安装的所有软件

5：安装常⽤系统命令：

# apt purge ufw lxd lxd-client lxcfs lxc-common
# apt install iproute2 ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute nfs-kernel-server nfs-common lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute gcc openssh-server lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute iotop unzip zip

6：系统资源限制优化：
#cat /etc/security/limits.conf

#root账⼾的资源软限制和硬限制
root soft core unlimited
root hard core unlimited
root soft nproc 1000000
root hard nproc 1000000
root soft nofile 1000000
root hard nofile 1000000
root soft memlock 32000
root hard memlock 32000
root soft msgqueue 8192000
root hard msgqueue 8192000
#其他账⼾的资源软限制和硬限制
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
* soft nproc 1000000
* hard nproc 1000000
* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
* soft memlock 32000
* hard memlock 32000
* soft msgqueue 8192000
* hard msgqueue 8192000

7: 内核参数优化：

# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
# TCP kernel paramater
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
# socket buffer
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 20480
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
# TCP conn
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15
# tcp conn reuse
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# keepalive conn
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10001 65000
# swap
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.swappiness = 10
#net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 0
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

8: 设置oracle JDK环境：
8.1：安装OpenJDK：

# pwd
/usr/local/src
解压⼆进制⽂件并设置软连接：
# tar xf jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz
# ln -sv /usr/local/src/jdk1.8.0_212 /usr/local/jdk
配置环境变量：
# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
重新导⼊环境变量并验证：
# source /etc/profile
# java -version
java version "1.8.0_212"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b10, mixed mode)

8.2：安装OpenJDK：

# apt install openjdk-8-jdk