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一、数据库准备
1.创建数据库maven
create database maven character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; //use maven;
2.创建用户表
create table t_users(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(30) not null,
password varchar(50) not null,
constraint unq_users_username unique(username)
);
3.插入测试数据
insert into t_users(username,password) values('admin', md5('admin'));
insert into t_users(username,password) values('user', md5('user'));
二、项目构建
1.创建简单Maven项目
2.在webapps下创建WEB-INF目录，并在WEB-INF下创建web.xml，
3.复制porm.xml文件内容(jar包的准备)
4.右击项目-->Maven-->Update Project(解决eclipse报错)
三、Dao层构建
1.编写实体类User.java(可以使用Hibernate反向工程)
package com.hao.entity;
// Generated 2017-8-6 12:57:28 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import static javax.persistence.GenerationType.IDENTITY;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.UniqueConstraint;
/**
* TUsers generated by hbm2java
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_users", catalog = "maven", uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = "username"))
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
public User() {
}
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name = "username", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 30)
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@Column(name = "password", nullable = false, length = 50)
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
2.Dao层代码抽取以及UserDao的编写
2.1 BaseDao接口
package com.hao.dao.base;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
public interface BaseDao {
void save(T entity);
void delete(T entity);
void deleteById(Serializable id);
void update(T entity);
T findById(Serializable id);
List findAll();
}
2.2 BaseDaoImpl实现类
package com.hao.dao.base.impl;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.hao.dao.base.BaseDao;
public class BaseDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao {
private Class entityClass;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public BaseDaoImpl() {
//获取子类对象的父类类型
ParameterizedType superClass = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
//获得在父类类型上声明的反省数组
Type[] genericTypes = superClass.getActualTypeArguments();
//第一个泛型即为实体类型
entityClass = (Class) genericTypes[0];
}
@Override
public void save(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
}
@Override
public void delete(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
}
@Override
public void deleteById(Serializable id) {
T entity = getHibernateTemplate().load(entityClass, id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
}
@Override
public void update(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().update(entity);
}
@Override
public T findById(Serializable id) {
return getHibernateTemplate().get(entityClass, id);
}
@Override
public List findAll() {
return getHibernateTemplate().loadAll(entityClass);
}
/**
* HibernateDao接口在使用前必须注入SessionFactory
* @param sessionFactory
*/
@Autowired
public void setSF(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
}
}
2.3 UserDao接口
package com.hao.dao;
import com.hao.dao.base.BaseDao;
import com.hao.entity.User;
public interface UserDao extends BaseDao{
User login(String username, String password);
}
2.4 UserDaoImpl实现类
package com.hao.dao.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.hao.dao.UserDao;
import com.hao.dao.base.impl.BaseDaoImpl;
import com.hao.entity.User;
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Override
public User login(String username, String password) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List user = (List) getHibernateTemplate().find("from User u where u.username=? and u.password=?", username, password);
if(user == null || user.size() < 1){
return null;
}else{
return user.get(0);
}
}
}
2.5 导入MD5工具类，Dao的单元测试和Service层要使用
package com.hao.utils;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
public class MD5Utils {
/**
* 使用md5的算法进行加密
*/
public static String md5(String plainText) {
byte[] secretBytes = null;
try {
secretBytes = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5").digest(
plainText.getBytes());
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("没有md5这个算法！");
}
String md5code = new BigInteger(1, secretBytes).toString(16);// 16进制数字
// 如果生成数字未满32位，需要前面补0
for (int i = 0; i < 32 - md5code.length(); i++) {
md5code = "0" + md5code;
}
return md5code;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(md5("123"));
}
}
3.注意BaseDao继承的HibernateDaoSupport要选择正确的包，其有分hibernate3,hibernate4和hibernate5，导错包会抛异常
四、配置spring-dao基础
1.在applicationContext.xml中配置Spring组件扫描
2.在applicationContext.xml中配置数据源
3.编写db.properties文件，存放在类路径下
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/maven
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=h66666
五、Spring整合Hibernate
1.在applicationContext.xml中配置SessionFactory，注意class属性也要选择正确的包
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
true
true
update
2.在applicationContext.xml中配置核心事务管理器
3.开启注解事务(也可以使用声明式事务)
4.由于我采用注解定义Hibernate实体类，因此映射注解元数据使用的是packagesToScan属性
5.如果使用的是hbm.xml文件映射元数据，可以使用mappingLocations(建议)或mappingDirectoryLocations
六、配置log4j日志环境
以下为log4j.properties的内容：
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=D:\\temp\\mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### fatal error warn info debug debug trace
log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=INFO
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=INFO
七、DAO层单元测试
1.注意，由于Spring的事务配置Service层，因此Dao层不具有事务性，因此单元测试必须添加@Transactional注解
2.经过测试，dao层的单元测试默认会执行事务回滚(不知为何，可能是因为没有配置@Transaction注解的参数？)
3.若想要不进行回滚而在数据库看到结果(如插入等)，需添加@Rollback(false)
4.UserDao的测试代码
package com.hao.dao;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.utils.MD5Utils;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
@Transactional
@Rollback(false)
public class UserDaoTest {
@Autowired
UserDao userDao;
@Test
public void testLogin(){
Assert.assertNotNull(userDao.login("admin", MD5Utils.md5("admin")));
Assert.assertNull(userDao.login("admin", MD5Utils.md5("pass")));
Assert.assertNotNull(userDao.login("user", MD5Utils.md5("user")));
}
@Test
public void testSave(){
User u = new User();
u.setUsername("dao");
u.setPassword("dao");
userDao.save(u);
}
}
八、编写Service层代码
1.UserService接口
package com.hao.service;
import com.hao.entity.User;
public interface UserService {
User login(User user);
void save(User user);
}
2.UserServiceImpl实现类，要求使用注解配置事务
package com.hao.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.hao.dao.UserDao;
import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.service.UserService;
import com.hao.utils.MD5Utils;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = true)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
private UserDao userDao;
@Autowired
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public User login(User user) {
String pass = MD5Utils.md5(user.getPassword());
return userDao.login(user.getUsername(), pass);
}
@Override
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void save(User user) {
userDao.save(user);
}
}
九、编写Service层的单元测试
1.由于Service配置了Spring的事务，因此基于Service的单元测试无需再添加@Transactional注解
2.经测试，Service层的单元测试默认不具有回滚性(可能与@Transaction注解有关)
3.并且，即使在测试类上添加注解@rollback(true)注解也无法回滚(不知原因)
4.UserService测试代码
package com.hao.service;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.hao.entity.User;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@Rollback(true)
public class UserServiceTest {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@Test
public void testLogin(){
User u1 = new User();
u1.setUsername("admin");
u1.setPassword("admin");
User u2 = new User();
u2.setUsername("admin");
u2.setPassword("pass");
User u3 = new User();
u3.setUsername("user");
u3.setPassword("user");
Assert.assertNotNull(userService.login(u1));
Assert.assertNull(userService.login(u2));
Assert.assertNotNull(userService.login(u3));
}
@Test
public void testSave(){
User u = new User();
u.setUsername("service");
u.setPassword("service");
userService.save(u);
}
}
十、Action层的抽取以及编写UserAction
1.抽取BaseAction
package com.hao.action.base;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
public class BaseAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven, RequestAware, SessionAware{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected Map request;
protected Map session;
protected T model;
@Override
public void setRequest(Map request) {
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Map session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public T getModel() {
return model;
}
public BaseAction() {
//获取父类
ParameterizedType genericSuperclass = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
//获取父类的泛型数组
Type[] types = genericSuperclass.getActualTypeArguments();
//取得第一个泛型，即Model的类型
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class entityClass = (Class) types[0];
try {
model = entityClass.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
2.UserAction代码编码，继承于BaseAction
package com.hao.action;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.hao.action.base.BaseAction;
import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.service.UserService;
@Controller("userAction")
@Scope("prototype")
public class UserAction extends BaseAction{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public String login(){
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------"+this);
User user = userService.login(model);
if(user == null){
request.put("errorInfo", "用户名或密码错误");
return LOGIN;
}
session.put("loginUser", user);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
}
十一、配置struts2，并整合到Spring
1.在web.xml中配置struts2过滤器
struts2
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
struts2
/*
2.配置struts.xml，其中Action的类名写成Spring中定义的实体名(Spring与Struts2的整合)
/p>
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
/success.jsp
/index.jsp
3.注意将struts2整合到Spring时，Action的scope必须为prototype，采用bean的prototy属性或者@Scope注解进行配置
4.为什么必须是prototype？这是由struts2的架构所决定的！
十二、(可选)如果Action是以解耦方式编写的(即不依赖容器产生HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse)，还可以对Action层进行单元测试
1.对Action层做单元测试相当于模拟一次请求而进行对应的方法调用
2.对Action进行单元测试的前提是，在对Action进行编码时，采用解耦方式获取request,response,session等(即拿到的是一个Map)，这样就不需要Servlet便可以执行测试
3.UserAction测试代码
package com.hao.action;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationCOntext.xml")
public class UserActionTest {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Before
public void init(){
//模拟容器，提供Request和Session
Map request = new HashMap();
Map session = new HashMap();
userAction.setRequest(request);
userAction.setSession(session);
}
@Test
public void testLogin(){
//模拟提供请求参数
userAction.getModel().setUsername("admin");
userAction.getModel().setPassword("admin");
//模拟一次登录请求
Assert.assertEquals(UserAction.SUCCESS, userAction.login());
//模拟提供请求参数
userAction.getModel().setUsername("admin");
userAction.getModel().setPassword("pass");
//模拟错误的用户名密码登录请求
Assert.assertEquals(UserAction.LOGIN, userAction.login());
}
}
十三、Spring整合到Web环境
1.在web.xml配置Spring上下文随Web上下文启动而启动
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
contextConfigLocation
classpath:applicationContext.xml
2.扩展Session的作用域到请求结束(web.xml)，注意选择正确的Hibernate版本，而且注意要配置在struts2过滤器之前
openSessionInView
org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
openSessionInView
/*
十四、编写页面，启动项目
1.编写index.jsp，注意引入jstl标签库
用户名：
密 码：
2.编写success.jsp
${sessionScope.loginUser.username }登陆成功
3.启动项目，访问index.jsp观察结果
扫一扫
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