linux数学工具的参数描述,Linux下的数学工具Maxima 简明教程（上）

这个Blog里曾经多次提到过超强数学软件Mathematica，但目前为止我还没发现它的Linux版，Wine似乎也没有用。其实，在Linux下也有很多类似于Mathematica的数学软件，其中Maxima是我用的最多的一个。这里简单介绍一下Maxima的各个函数供大家参考，也方便我自己今后查询。

安装：sudo apt-get install maxima maxima-share

运行：maxima

退出：quit();

基本运算

(%i1) 2+3;

(%o1)                                  5

(%i2) 5*6;

(%o2)                                 30

(%i3) %+2;

(%o3)                                 32

(%i4) %o1*%o3;

(%o4)                                 160

(%i5) 4/7+3/4;

37

(%o5)                                 --

28

(%i6) float(%);

(%o6)                          1.321428571428571

(%i7) 2^32;

(%o7)                             4294967296

(%i8) 30!;

(%o8)                  265252859812191058636308480000000

(%i9) float(sqrt(2));

(%o9)                          1.414213562373095

三角函数和对数函数

(%i1) float(sin(1));

(%o1)                           0.8414709848079

(%i2) sin(%pi/2);

(%o2)                                  1

(%i3) sin(%pi/2)+cos(%pi/3);

3

(%o3)                                  -

2

(%i4) float(sec(%pi/3)+csc(%pi/3));

(%o4)                          3.154700538379252

(%i5) log(1);

(%o5)                                  0

(%i6) float(log(10));

(%o6)                          2.302585092994046

(%i7) log(%e);

(%o7)                                  1

(%i8) log(2^a);

(%o8)                              log(2) a

(%i9) %e^log(2);

(%o9)                                 2

变量操作

(%i1) a^2-b^2;

2    2

(%o1)                               a  - b

(%i2) a:3;

(%o2)                                  3

(%i3) a^2-b^2;

2

(%o3)                               9 - b

(%i4) b:2;

(%o4)                                  2

(%i5) a^2-b^2;

(%o5)                                  5

(%i6) kill(a);

(%o6)                                done

(%i7) kill(b);

(%o7)                                done

(%i8) a^2-b^2;

2    2

(%o8)                               a  - b

函数操作

(%i1) f(x):=x^2-1;

2

(%o1)                           f(x) := x  - 1

(%i2) f(2);

(%o2)                                  3

(%i3) f(100);

(%o3)                                9999

(%i4) float(f(2/3));

(%o4)                         - 0.55555555555556

(%i5) a:4/5;

4

(%o5)                                  -

5

(%i6) f(a);

9

(%o6)                                - --

25

多项式运算(展开、合并、化简和消元)

(%i1) expand((a+b)^3);

3        2      2      3

(%o1)                      b  + 3 a b  + 3 a  b + a

(%i2) factor(a^2-b^2);

(%o2)                          - (b - a) (b + a)

(%i3) ratsimp((x^2-1)/(x+1));

(%o3)                                x - 1

(%i4) eliminate([x^2+x*y+z=0,3*x+5*y+z=0,x-y-2*z^2=1],[y,z]);

4      3       2

(%o4)               [- x (8 x  - 2 x  + 19 x  - 50 x + 25)]

解方程

(%i1) solve(x^2-3*x+4/x=5,x);

sqrt(5) + 1      sqrt(5) - 1

(%o1)             [x = - -----------, x = -----------, x = 4]

2                2

(%i2) funcsolve(f(n)*(n+1)+2*n=1-f(n)/n,f(n));

n (2 n - 1)

(%o2)                        f(n) = - -----------

2

n  + n + 1

(%i3) solve([x+3*y=10,1/x+x*y=4],[x,y]);

sqrt(69) - 9      4 sqrt(3) sqrt(23) - 34

(%o3) [[x = 1, y = 3], [x = - ------------, y = -----------------------],

2            9 sqrt(3) sqrt(23) - 75

sqrt(69) + 9      4 sqrt(3) sqrt(23) + 34

[x = ------------, y = -----------------------]]

2            9 sqrt(3) sqrt(23) + 75

(%i4) solve(x^2+b*x+c=0,x);

2                       2

sqrt(b  - 4 c) + b      sqrt(b  - 4 c) - b

(%o4)         [x = - ------------------, x = ------------------]

2                       2

(%i5) find_root(x^x=2,x,1,2);

(%o5)                          1.559610469462369

(%i6) find_root(sin(x)=x/2,x,0.1,%pi);

(%o6)                          1.895494267033981

数论相关

(%i1) mod(100,7);

(%o1)                                  2

(%i2) primep(3214567);

(%o2)                                true

(%i3) next_prime(200);

(%o3)                                 211

(%i4) factor(1001);

(%o4)                               7 11 13

(%i5) factor(30!);

26  14  7  4   2   2

(%o5)                  2   3   5  7  11  13  17 19 23 29

(%i6) gcd(200,780);

(%o6)                                 20

(%i7) binomial(7,4);

(%o7)                                 35

(%i8) fib(7);

(%o8)                                 13

画函数图像

(%i1) plot2d(x^3+2*x^2-3,[x,-2,2]);

*** X11 output driver not found, switching to dumb terminal!

*** If you want to use the X11 output, please install the gnuplot-x11 package

14 ++-------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------++

+        +        +        +        +       +       x^3+2*x^2-3 $$$$$$ $

12 ++                                                                    $+

|                                                                    $ |

10 ++                                                                  $ ++

|                                                                  $   |

|                                                                  $   |

8 ++                                                                $   ++

|                                                                $     |

6 ++                                                             $$     ++

|                                                             $$       |

4 ++                                                          $$        ++

|                                                          $$          |

2 ++                                                        $$          ++

|                                                      $$$             |

|                                                     $$               |

0 ++                                                 $$$                ++

|                                               $$$$                   |

-2 ++$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$               $$$$$                      ++

$$       +        +        $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +        +        +        +

-4 ++-------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------++

-2      -1.5      -1      -0.5       0      0.5       1       1.5       2

(%o1)

你可以通过安装gnuplot-x11让maxima在X上画图，安装方法是：

sudo apt-get install gnuplot-x11

maxima也可以画3D图像，比如执行下面代码可以画出sin(x)cos(y)的图像，我就不贴图了，大家自己试试。

plot3d(sin(x)*cos(y),[x,-2,2],[y,-2,2]);做人要厚道转贴请注明出处