linux ipc例子,linux 几种IPC例子总结

1.管道

1.1普通管道

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

int main()

{

int pipe_fd[2];

pid_t pid;

char buf_r[100];

char *p_wbuf;

int r_num;

memset(buf_r, 0, sizeof(buf_r));

if(pipe(pipe_fd) < 0)

{

printf("pipe create error!/n");

return -1;

}

if((pid = fork()) == 0)

{

printf("/n");

close(pipe_fd[1]);

sleep(2);

if((r_num = read(pipe_fd[0], buf_r, 100)) > 0)

{

printf("%d numbers read from the pipe is %s/n", r_num, buf_r);

}

close(pipe_fd[0]);

exit(0);

}

else if(pid > 0)

{

close(pipe_fd[0]);

if(write(pipe_fd[1], "Hello", 5) != -1)

printf("parent write surcess/n");

if(write(pipe_fd[1], "pipe", 5) != -1)

printf("parent write success/n");

close(pipe_fd[1]);

sleep(2);

waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);

exit(0);

}

}

1.2 基于文件流管理

/*流管道*/

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define BUFSIZE 1024

int main()

{

FILE *fp;

char *cmd = "ps -ef";

char buf[BUFSIZE];

buf[BUFSIZE] = '/0';

if((fp = popen(cmd, "r")) == NULL)

perror("popen");

while((fgets(buf, BUFSIZE, fp)) != NULL)

printf("%s", buf);

pclose(fp);

exit(0);

}

1.3命名管道

读

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"

int

main(int argc, char **argv)

{

char buf_r[100];

int fd;

int nread;

if((mkfifo(FIFO, O_CREAT | O_EXCL) < 0) && (errno != EEXIST))

printf("cannot create fifoserver/n");

printf("Preparing for reading bytes../n");

memset(buf_r, 0 , sizeof(buf_r));

fd = open(FIFO, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);

if(fd == -1)

{

perror("open FIFO failed!/n");

exit(1);

}

while(1)

{

memset(buf_r, 0, sizeof(buf_r));

if((nread = read(fd, buf_r, 100)) == -1)

{

if(errno == EAGAIN)

printf("no data yet]n");

}

printf("read %s, from FIFO/n", buf_r);

sleep(1);

}

pause();

unlink(FIFO);

}

写

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define FIFO_SERVER"/tmp/myfifo"

int

main(int argc, char ** argv)

{

int fd;

char w_buf[100];

int nwrite;

fd = open(FIFO_SERVER, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);

if(fd == -1)

{

if(errno == ENXIO)

printf("open error, no reading process/n");

}

if(argc == 1)

printf("Please send something/n");

strcpy(w_buf, argv[1]);

if((nwrite = write(fd, w_buf, 100)) == -1)

{

if(errno == EAGAIN)

printf("no data yet/n");

}

else

printf("write %d characters: %s/n", nwrite, w_buf);

}

信号及信号集

#include

#include

#include

void my_func(int sig_no)

{

if(sig_no == SIGINT)

printf("I have get SIGINT/n");

else if(sig_no == SIGQUIT)

printf("I have get SIGQUIT/n");

}

int main()

{

printf("Waiting for signal SIGINT or SIGQUIT/n");

signal(SIGINT, my_func);

signal(SIGQUIT, my_func);

pause();

exit(0);

}

2. 信号集

#include

#include

#include

void my_func(int signum)

{

printf("If you want to quit, please try SIGQUIT/n");

}

int main()

{

sigset_t set, pendset;

struct sigaction action1, action2;

if(sigemptyset(&set) < 0)

perror("sigemptyset");

if(sigaddset(&set, SIGQUIT) < 0)

perror("sigaddset");

if(sigaddset(&set, SIGINT) < 0)

perror("sigaddset");

if(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) < 0)

perror("sigprocmask");

else

{

printf("block/n");

sleep(5);

}

if(sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL) < 0)

perror("sigprocmask");

else

printf("unblock/n");

while(1)

{

if(sigismember(&set, SIGINT))

{

sigemptyset(&action1.sa_mask);

action1.sa_handler = my_func;

sigaction(SIGINT, &action1, NULL);

}

else if(sigismember(&set, SIGQUIT))

{

sigemptyset(&action2.sa_mask);

action2.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;

sigaction(SIGTERM, &action2, NULL);

}

}

}

3. 共享内存(大型数据传输)

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define BUFSZ 2048

int main()

{

int shmid;

char *shmadd;

key_t key;

if((key = ftok(".", 'a')) == -1)

{

perror("ftok");

exit(1);

}

if((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, BUFSZ, 0666)) < 0)

{

perror("shmget");

exit(1);

}

else

{

printf("created shared-memory: %d/n", shmid);

system("ipcs –m");

}

if((shmadd = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) < (char*)0)

{

perror("shmat");

exit(1);

}

else

{

printf("attached shared-memory/n");

system("ipcs –m");

}

if(shmdt(shmadd) < 0)

{

perror("shmdt");

exit(1);

}

else

{

printf("dettached shared-memory/n");

system("ipcs -m");

}

exit(0);

}

4. 消息队列(少量数据传输)

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define BUFSZ 512

struct message

{

long msg_type;

char msg_text[BUFSZ];

};

int main()

{

int qid;

key_t key;

int len;

struct message msg;

if((key = ftok(".", 'a')) == -1)

{

perror("ftok");

exit(1);

}

if((qid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666)) == -1)

{

perror("msgget");

exit(1);

}

printf("opened queue %d/n", qid);

puts("Please enter the message to queue:");

if((fgets(msg.msg_text, BUFSZ, stdin)) == NULL)

{

puts("no message");

exit(1);

}

msg.msg_type = getpid();

len = strlen(msg.msg_text);

if(msgsnd(qid, &msg, len, 0) < 0)

{

perror("message posted");

exit(1);

}

printf("message is :%s/n", msg.msg_text);

if(msgctl(qid, IPC_RMID, NULL) < 0)

{

perror("msgctl");

exit(1);

}

exit(0);

}

5. 守护进程

守护进程(daemon)是生存期长的一种进程。它们常常在系统引导装入时启动，在系统关闭时终止。因为它们没有控制终端，所以说它们是在后台进程的。所有守护进程都以超级用户优先级运行。所有守护进程的父进程都init进程。守护进程一般是进程组的首进程。

查看守护进程命令：

ps –ef

创建守护进程的步骤：

(1)创建子进程，父进程退出。

保证子进程不是一个进程组的首进程，是调用setsid调用的必要的前提条件。

(2)调用setsid以创建一个新的会话，并担任该会话组的组长。调用setsid作用有三：

(a)成为新的会话组(一个或多个进程组)的首进程。

(b)成为一个新进程组的首进程。

(c)脱离控制终端。

(3)改变当前目录为根目录

chdir(“/”);

(4)重设文件权限掩码

unmask(0);表示打开所有文件权限

(5)关闭不再需要的文件描述符

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define MAXFILE 65535

int main()

{

pid_t pc;

int i, fd, len;

char *buf = "This is a Dameon/n";

len = strlen(buf);

pc = fork();

if(pc < 0)

{

printf("error fork/n");

exit(1);

}

else if(pc > 0)

{

exit(0);

}

setsid();

chdir("/");

umask(0);

for(i = 0; i < MAXFILE; i++)

close(i);

while(1)

{

if((fd = open("/tmp/dameon.log", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0600)) < 0)

{

perror("open");

exit(1);

}

write(fd, buf, len+1);

close(fd);

sleep(5);

}

}