Docker(四)[容器管理]

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 17:53:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 17:53:05 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42366378/article/details/105468464

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Docker-容器管理

简介
1.查看容器
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
2.创建待启动容器
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
3.启动容器
- 1.启动待启动或已关闭容器
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
- 2.创建容器并启动
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
- 3.守护进程方式启动容器【推荐/常用】
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
4.暂停
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
5.取消暂停
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
6.重启
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
7.关闭
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
8.终止
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
9.删除
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
10.进入
- 1.创建容器的同时进入容器
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
- 2.手工方式进入容器
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
- 3.生产方式进入容器
11.退出
12.基于容器创建镜像
- 1.commit
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
- 2.export
- - 1.获取帮助
  - 2.命令格式
13.日志
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
14.信息
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
15.端口
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式
16.重命名
- 1.获取帮助
- 2.命令格式

简介

docker容器技术指Docker是一个由GO语言写的程序运行的“容器”（Linux containers， LXCs）
容器（Container）：容器是一种轻量级、可移植、并将应用程序进行的打包的技术，使应用程序可以在几乎任何地方以相同的方式运行
Docker将镜像文件运行起来后，产生的对象就是容器。容器相当于是镜像运行起来的一个实例。
容器具备一定的生命周期。
可以借助docker ps命令查看运行的容器，如同在linux上利用ps命令查看运行着的进程。
可以理解容器就是被封装起来的进程操作,只不过现在的进程可以简单也可以复杂,复杂的话可以运行1个操作系统.简单的话可以运行1个回显字符串。

1.查看容器

显示docker容器列表

1.获取帮助

docker ps --help

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all
                        states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all
                        states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display numeric IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes

名称	描述	默认值
–all , -a	显示所有容器（不加-a，默认显示为正在运行，包含不运行和运行的容器）
–filter , -f	根据提供的条件过滤输出
–format	使用Go模板格式化输出容器信息
–last , -n	显示n个最后创建的容器（包括所有状态）	-1
–latest , -l	显示最新创建的容器（包括所有状态）
–no-trunc	完整信息（不截断）输出
–quiet , -q	仅显示ID 数值
–size , -s	显示文件总大小

ps相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/

2.命令格式

docker ps

例：

docker ps
docker ps -a

在这里插入图片描述

字段标识	说明
CONTAINER ID	容器ID
IMAGE	基于哪个镜像创建而来
COMMAND	运行容器使用的命令
CREATED	容器创建时间
STATUS	容器状态
PORTS	端口号
NAMES	容器名称，默认是随机的

2.创建待启动容器

利用镜像创建出一个Created 状态的待启动容器

1.获取帮助

docker create --help

Usage:  docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Create a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

create相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/create/

2.命令格式

docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
docker create [参数命令] 依赖镜像 [容器内命令] [命令参数]

常用命令参数(OPTIONS)：

-t, --tty           		分配一个伪TTY，也就是分配虚拟终端
-i, --interactive    	    即使没有连接，也要保持STDIN打开
    --name          		为容器起名，如果没有指定将会随机产生一个名称

命令参数（COMMAND\ARG）:

COMMAND 表示容器启动后，需要在容器中执行的命令，如ps、ls 等命令
ARG 表示执行 COMMAND 时需要提供的一些参数，如ps 命令的 aux、ls命令的-a等.

例：

创建一个基于ubuntu镜像的待启动容器，名字为ubuntu-wyf，保持STDIN打开的虚拟终端，且在容器启动后执行【ls -a】命令的容器

docker create -it --name ubuntu-wyf ubuntu ls -a

在这里插入图片描述

3.启动容器

启动容器的三种方式：

启动待启动或已关闭的容器；
基于镜像新建一个容器并启动；
守护进程方式启动docker。

1.启动待启动或已关闭容器

1.获取帮助

docker start --help

Usage:  docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Start one or more stopped containers

Options:
  -a, --attach               Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -i, --interactive          Attach container's STDIN

start相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/

2.命令格式

docker start [容器名称]或[容器ID]

命令参数(OPTIONS)：

-a, --attach		将当前shell的 STDOUT/STDERR 连接到容器上
-i, --interactive		将当前shell的 STDIN连接到容器上

例：

启动上述创建的待启动容器【ubuntu-wyf】

docker start -a ubuntu-wyf

在这里插入图片描述

2.创建容器并启动

利用镜像创建并启动一个容器

1.获取帮助

docker run --help


Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

docker run = docker create + docker start

2.命令格式

docker run [命令参数] [镜像名称][执行的命令]

命令参数(OPTIONS)：

-t, --tty           	分配一个伪TTY，也就是分配虚拟终端
-i, --interactive    	即使没有连接，也要保持STDIN打开
    --name          	为容器起名，如果没有指定将会随机产生一个名称
-d, --detach			在后台运行容器并打印出容器ID
--rm					当容器退出运行后，自动删除容器

例：

启动一个镜像输出内容并删除容器

docker run --rm  --name ubuntu-wyf-1 ubuntu /bin/echo "hello ubuntu-wyf-1"

在这里插入图片描述

3.守护进程方式启动容器【推荐/常用】

让Docker容器在后台以守护形式运行。此时可以通过添加-d参数来实现

1.获取帮助

docker run --help


Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

2.命令格式

docker run -d [image_name] command ...

例：

以守护进程的方式基于镜像ubuntu创建容器并启动

docker run -itd ubuntu

在这里插入图片描述

4.暂停

暂停一个或多个处于运行状态的容器

1.获取帮助

docker pause --help

Usage:  docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Pause all processes within one or more containers

pause相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pause/

2.命令格式

docker pause [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker pause 4747c49bfb7f

在这里插入图片描述

5.取消暂停

取消一个或多个处于暂停状态的容器，恢复运行

1.获取帮助

docker unpause --help

Usage:  docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Unpause all processes within one or more containers

unpause相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/unpause/

2.命令格式

docker unpause [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker unpause 4747c49bfb7f

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6.重启

重启一个或多个处于运行状态、暂停状态、关闭状态或者新建状态的容器
该命令相当于stop和start命令的结合

1.获取帮助

docker restart --help

Usage:  docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Restart one or more containers

Options:
  -t, --time int   Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)

restart相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/

2.命令格式

docker restart [容器名称]或[容器ID]

命令参数(OPTIONS)：

-t, --time int   		重启前，等待的时间，单位秒(默认 10s)

例：

date && docker ps && docker restart -t 60 4747c49bfb7f && sleep 60s && docker ps && date

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7.关闭

延迟关闭一个或多个处于暂停状态或者运行状态的容器

1.获取帮助

docker stop --help

Usage:  docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Stop one or more running containers

Options:
  -t, --time int   Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)

stop相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/

2.命令格式

docker stop [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker stop 4747c49bfb7f

在这里插入图片描述

8.终止

强制并立即关闭一个或多个处于暂停状态或者运行状态的容器

1.获取帮助

docker kill --help

Usage:  docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Kill one or more running containers

Options:
  -s, --signal string   Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")

kill相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/

2.命令格式

docker kill [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker kill 4747c49bfb7f

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9.删除

删除容器有三种方法：

序号	方法	描述
1	正常删除	删除已关闭
2	强制删除	删除正在运行的
3	强制批量删除	删除全部的容器

1.获取帮助

docker rm --help

Usage:  docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Remove one or more containers

Options:
  -f, --force     Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
  -l, --link      Remove the specified link
  -v, --volumes   Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container

rm相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/

2.命令格式

1.正常删除

删除一个或者多个容器

docker rm [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker rm 4747c49bfb7f

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正常删除如果不使用强制删除一个正在运行的会报错：

Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 4747c49bfb7f9ec163ab8cf281e442ea3efffd6b58d686ca7e7320cb341702e2. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

所以要先关闭再删除

docker kill stop 4747c49bfb7f
docker rm 4747c49bfb7f

在这里插入图片描述

2.强制删除

强制删除一个或者多个容器

docker rm -f [容器名称]或[容器ID]

例：

docker rm -f a0f1604bc301

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3.强制批量删除

批量强制删除一个或者多个容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
# 按照执行顺序$（）， 获取到现在容器的id然后进行删除

例：

3个运行的容器，3个关闭的容器进行删除

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)

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10.进入

进入容器3种方法：

创建容器的同时进入容器；
手工方式进入容器；
生产方式进入容器。

1.创建容器的同时进入容器

1.获取帮助

docker run --help

Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

run相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/

2.命令格式

docker run --name [container_name] -it [docker_image] /bin/bash

例：

docker run -it --name ubuntu-wyf ubuntu /bin/bash

在这里插入图片描述
使用 exit 进行退出

2.手工方式进入容器

1.获取帮助

docker exec --help

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container

Options:
  -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container

exec相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/

2.命令格式

docker exec -it  容器id  /bin/bash

例：

docker exec -it 599066028fb2 /bin/bash

在这里插入图片描述

3.生产方式进入容器

在生产方式进入容器采用的是脚本进入

1.创建shell脚本

vim docker-ubuntu-in.sh

2.编辑shell脚本

#!/bin/bash
#定义进入仓库函数
docker_in(){
  NAME_ID=$1
  PID=$(docker inspect --format {{.State.Pid}} $NAME_ID)
  nsenter --target $PID --mount --uts --ipc --net --pid
}
docker_in $1

3.赋权

chmod +x docker-ubuntu-in.sh

4.执行

sudo bash docker-ubuntu-in.sh 599066028fb2

在这里插入图片描述

11.退出

exit

对应快捷键

Ctrl + D

12.基于容器创建镜像

有两种方式：

通过commit命令；
通过export命令。

1.commit

1.获取帮助

docker commit --help

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container's changes

Options:
  -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Commit message
  -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)

commit相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/commit/

2.命令格式

docker commit -m '改动信息' -a "作者信息" [container_id][new_image:tag]

例：

进入一个容器，修改内容并根据容器创建镜像

1.查找一个容器

docker ps

2.进入容器

sudo bash docker-ubuntu-in.sh 599066028fb2

3.创建文件夹和文件

mkdir -p docker/commit/test
touch docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt
echo "hello world!" > docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt

4.测试是否修改完成

cat docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt

5.退出

exit

6.创建镜像

docker commit -m 'mkdir -p docker/commit/test touch docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt echo "hello world!" > docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt' -a "wyf"  599066028fb2 docker-ubuntu-wyf:v1.0

7.查看镜像

docker images

8.启动容器

docker run -itd docker-ubuntu-wyf:v1.0 /bin/bash

9.进入容器

sudo bash docker-ubuntu-in.sh 1374a8d99483

10.查看

cat docker/commit/test/helloworld.txt

在这里插入图片描述

2.export

1.获取帮助

docker export --help

Usage:  docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

export相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/export/

2.命令格式

docker export [容器id] > 模板文件名.tar

例：
1.查找镜像

docker ps

2.导出镜像

docker export 599066028fb2 > docker-ubuntu-wyf-v2.0.tar

3.查看镜像

docker images

4.导入镜像

cat docker-ubuntu-wyf-v2.0.tar | docker import - wyf-export-ubuntu-test

5.确认镜像

docker images

在这里插入图片描述
导出（export）导入（import）与保存（save）加载（load）:

import与load的区别：
- import可以重新指定镜像的名字，docker load不可以 |
export 与保存 save 的区别：
- 1.export导出的镜像文件大小，小于 save保存的镜像。
- 2.export 导出（import导入）是根据容器拿到的镜像，再导入时会丢失镜像所有的历史。

13.日志

查看容器运行日志

1.获取帮助

docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

logs相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/

2.命令格式

docker logs [容器id]

例：

docker logs 599066028fb2

在这里插入图片描述

14.信息

查看容器详细信息

1.获取帮助

docker inspect --help

Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]

Return low-level information on Docker objects

Options:
  -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
      --type string     Return JSON for specified type

inspect相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/

2.命令格式

docker inspect [容器id]

例：

docker inspect 599066028fb2

在这里插入图片描述

15.端口

查看容器端口信息

1.获取帮助

docker port --help

Usage:  docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]

List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container

port相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/port/

2.命令格式

docker port [容器id]
# 没有效果表明没有和宿主机关联

例：

docker port 599066028fb2

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16.重命名

修改容器的名称

1.获取帮助

docker rname --help


Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/home/wyf/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/wyf/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/wyf/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/home/wyf/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

rename相关参数具体说明详见：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rename/

2.命令格式

docker rename [容器id]或[容器名称] [容器新名称]

例：

docker rename sweet_curie docker-ubuntu-wyf-v1.0

在这里插入图片描述
更多请参考：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

或：

https://docker-doc.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/reference/commandline/cli.html

在这里插入图片描述