java fliter_java_过滤器|fliter

功能

用于拦截传入的请求和传出的响应

修改或以某种方式处理正在客户端和服务端之间的数据流

如何使用

fliter与使用Servlet类似，是java WEB提供的一个接口，开发者只需要自定义一个类并且实现该接口即可

1. 注解方式

@WebFilter("/filter_Servlet")

public class myfliter implements Filter {

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

}

}

@WebServlet("/filter_Servlet")

public class filterServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

String name = (String) req.getAttribute("name");

System.out.println(name);

}

}

2. web.xml中配置filter

拦截单个servlet

myfliter

com.example.qihonwangjava.myfliter

myfliter

/filter_Servlet

拦截多个servlet

myfliter

com.example.qihonwangjava.myfliter

myfliter

/filter_Servlet

/myServlet

2. filter类和sevlet

filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);

必须添加 否则请求会一直停留在过滤器中 无法进入servlet

public class myfliter implements Filter {

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

}

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

servletRequest.setAttribute("name","祁红旺");

filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

}

@WebServlet("/filter_Servlet")

public class filterServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

System.out.println(req.getAttribute("name"));

}

}

生命周期

public class myfliter implements Filter {

public myfliter() {

System.out.println("通过反射机制调用无参构造创建了对象");

}

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

System.out.println("调用init");

}

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

servletRequest.setAttribute("name","祁红旺");

filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

}

打印结果

1、通过反射机制调用无参构造创建了对象

2、调用init

总结

1、tomcat服务启动通过web.xml的配置进行反射机制自动就创建对象同时初始化 当服务关闭的时候调用destroy销毁对象

2、servlet是调用请求的时候才去创建对象

实际开发中filter的使用场景

统一处理中文乱码

屏蔽敏感词

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

//将敏感词替换成“***”

servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

String name = servletRequest.getParameter("name");

name= name.replaceAll("敏感词","***");

//通过attribute替换Parameter

servletRequest.setAttribute("name",name);

}

@WebServlet("/filter_Servlet")

public class filterServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

String name = (String) req.getAttribute("name");

System.out.println(name);

}

}

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