mysql安装及升级

数据库安装

$> groupadd mysql 
$> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql 
$> cd /usr/local 
$> tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz 
$> ln -s  mysql-VERSION-OS mysql 
$> chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
$> cd mysql 
$> mkdir mysql-files 
$> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files 
$> chmod 750 mysql-files 
$> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql  (--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 有需要指定可以指定，默认为/var/lib/mysql)

#初始化后生成随机密码，需要记下登录数据库使用

$> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 
$> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # Next command is optional 
$> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

该ln命令创建到安装目录的符号链接。这使您可以更轻松地将其称为/usr/local/mysql. 为了避免在使用 MySQL 时总是输入客户端程序的路径名，您可以将/usr/local/mysql/bin 目录添加到PATH变量中：

$> export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
也可以写到环境变量永久生效
$> echo ‘export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin’ >> /etc/profile
$> source /etc/profile
$> mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb/
$> touch  /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
$> chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

$> vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

$> mysql -uroot -p密码
>use mysql;
>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by ‘123456’;
> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;#查看用户信息
> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';#授权root用户可以远程登陆
> flush privileges;#立即生效
> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';#修改root用户密码
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;#立即生效
> exit;#退出
service mysql restart

#重启mysql服务

数据库升级
准备好新版本的tar包

$> mysql -uroot -p shutdown
$> cd /usr/local
$> rm -rf mysql
$> tar xvf /root/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
$> ln -s mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
或
mv mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
$> mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
$> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server