《笨办法学python3-Learn Python 3 the HARD WAY》-习题32 循环和列表

学习内容：

the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', 'apricots']
change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']

# this first kind of for-loop goes through a list
for number in the_count:
    print (f"This is count {number}")

# same as above
for fruit in fruits:
    print (f"A fruit of type: {fruit}")

# also we can go through mixed lists too
# nothing we have to use {} since wu don't know what's in it
for i in change:
    print (f"I got {i}")

# we can also build lists, first start with an empty one
elements = []

# then use the range function to do 0 to 5 counts
for i in range(0, 6):
    print (f"Adding {i} to the list.")
    # append is a function that lists understand
    elements.append(i)

# now we can print them out too
for i in elements:
    print (f"Element was: {i}")

运行结果：

知识点：
1.for循环
基本结构：for var in list: (var为variable，list为序列)，注意后面必须有冒号(😃
例1：

something = [1, 2, 3]
for i in something:
	print (i)

结果：

例2：

dic = {'k1':'v1', 'k2':'v2', 'k3':'v3'}
for k,v in dic:
	print (k, v)

例3：

aString = "Hello fearlazy"
for letter in aString:
	print (letter)

结果：

例4：
range()表示一个范围，第一个for只有一个参数，表示终点（不包含这个值）。第二个for中的两个参数代表起点（包含这个值）和终点（不包含这个值）。range还包含第三个参数表示步长，就是每次增加多少，默认为1。

for i in range(4):
	print (i)
print ('_' * 15)
for i in range(2, 4):
	print (i)

结果：

例5：
else 和for一起使用，只有for循环正常终止（不是遇到break语句）时才执行else块。

for i in range(3):
	print (i)
else:
	print ("over!")

结果：

2.range()函数
range()返回的是一个可迭代对象（类型是对象），而不是列表类型，打印的时候不会打印列表。
list()的对象为迭代器，可以把range()返回的可迭代对象转为一个列表，返回的变量类型为列表
语法：①range(stop): ② range(start, stop [, step])
start:从start开始，默认为0，例:range(5) 结果：range(0, 5)
stop:计数到stop为止，但不包括stop。例 range(0, 5) 结果[0, 1, 2 ,3 ,4],没有5
step:步长，默认为1.例 range(0, 6, 2) 结果[0, 2, 4]
3.append()函数
append():在列表末尾添加新的对象
语法：list.append(obj) obj:添加到列表末端的对象
例：

list1 = ['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao']
list1.append('Baidu')
print ("The updated list:", list1)

结果：

4.分解脚本：

the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', 'apricots']
change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']

# 打印列表the_count
# this first kind of for-loop goes through a list
for number in the_count:
    print (f"This is count {number}")

# 打印列表fruits
# same as above
for fruit in fruits:
    print (f"A fruit of type: {fruit}")

# 打印列表change
# also we can go through mixed lists too
# nothing we have to use {} since wu don't know what's in it
for i in change:
    print (f"I got {i}")

# 创建一个空列表elements
# we can also build lists, first start with an empty one
elements = []

# 给空列表elements 内添加内容
# then use the range function to do 0 to 5 counts
for i in range(0, 6):
    print (f"Adding {i} to the list.")
    # append is a function that lists understand
    elements.append(i)

 # 打印列表elements
 # now we can print them out too
for i in elements:
    print (f"Element was: {i}")

5.补充内容：
① 若想获取第几个数字可以如下：

x = range(0, 20, 3)
print (x [0])
print (x [1])

②倒序排列：如果是列表，可以直接用reversed(seq),seq为需要转换的序列。可以是tuple(元组)、string(字符串)、list(列表)或range(值域)。
例1

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for x in reversed(a):
	print (x)

结果

例2

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for x in range(len(a)-1, -1, -1):
	print (a[x])

结果