java thread 几个状态_Java Thread中的几种状态

java Thread类中定义了线程的六种状态：NEW、RUNNABLE、BLOCKED、WAITING、TIMED_WAITING、TERMINATED

public enum State {

NEW,

RUNNABLE,

BLOCKED,

WAITING,

TIMED_WAITING,

TERMINATED;

}

- NEW、RUNNABLE、TERMINATED

新建还没有Start的线程状态为NEW

线程本身没有被其他线程阻塞，等待cpu调度或者用户io的线程状态为RUNNABLE

运行结束状态为TERMINATED

示例：

public class NewRunAndTerminate {

public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {

Thread firstThread = new TestThread(); //刚创建时是new

System.out.println(firstThread.getState());

firstThread.start();

System.out.println(firstThread.getState());//start 之后是RUNNABLE

firstThread.join();

System.out.println(firstThread.getState());//结束后是TERMINATED

}

}

class TestThread extends Thread {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread start");

System.out.println("Thread end");

}

}

运行结果

NEW

RUNNABLE

Thread start

Thread end

TERMINATED

Process finished with exit code 0

- WAITING和TIMED_WAITING

当线程调用 join 、 wait 或者 sleep 方法时，状态会变成WAITING或者TIMED_WAITING

WAITING和TIMED_WAITING的区别在于有没有设置超时时间，如果设置了超时时间就是TIMED_WAITING,没设置超时时间就是WAITING

具体可以看以下两个例子：

1)不设超是时间

public class TimeWaitAndWait {

public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {

Object lock = new Object();

ThreadA a = new ThreadA(lock);

ThreadB b = new ThreadB(lock);

a.start();

Thread.sleep(1000);

b.start();

//启动AB两个线程，打印状态

while (a.isAlive() || b.isAlive()) {

System.out.println("Thread A:" + a.getState() + ",Thread B:" + b.getState());

Thread.sleep(500);

}

}

}

//线程A

class ThreadA extends Thread {

private Object lock;

public ThreadA(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

}

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("ThreadA started.");

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("ThreadA get the lock.");

try {

lock.wait(); //wait，等待线程B唤醒

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("ThreadA release the lock.");

System.out.println("ThreadA end.");

}

}

class ThreadB extends Thread {

private Object lock;

public ThreadB(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

}

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("ThreadB started.");

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("ThreadB get the lock.");

try {

sleep(3000);//拿到锁之后3秒唤醒线程A

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

lock.notify();

}

System.out.println("ThreadB release the lock.");

System.out.println("ThreadB end.");

}

}

运行结果：

ThreadA started.

ThreadA get the lock.

ThreadB started.

ThreadB get the lock.

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadB release the lock.

ThreadB end.

ThreadA release the lock.

ThreadA end.

Process finished with exit code 0

1)首先，线程A先启动，获得lock

2)随后线程A马上调用 wait，释放锁并进入 WAITING 状态

3)线程B获得锁，sleep 3 秒，由于sleep是有时间的，所以B进入TIMED_WAITING状态

4)线程B调用 notify 唤醒线程A，自己运行结束

5)线程A再次获得lock并运行结束

2)设置超时时间

其他部分和上个例子一样，只是线程A的 wait 方法设置成最大等待 2 秒

class ThreadA2 extends Thread {

private Object lock;

public ThreadA2(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

}

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("ThreadA started.");

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("ThreadA get the lock.");

try {

lock.wait(2000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("ThreadA release the lock.");

System.out.println("ThreadA end.");

}

}

运行结果：

ThreadA started.

ThreadA get the lock.

ThreadB started.

ThreadB get the lock.

ThreadA:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadA:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadA:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadA:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadA:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadA:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadB release the lock.

ThreadB end.

ThreadA release the lock.

ThreadA end.

Process finished with exit code 0

1)线程A先启动，随后调用 wait(2000) 方法进入TIMED_WAITING 状态并释放锁

2)线程B获得锁并调用 sleep 方法，同样进入TIMED_WAITING状态

3)线程A wait 方法超时后尝试重新获得锁，但因为锁被线程B占用，因此线程A进入BLOCKED状态

4)线程B sleep 结束，释放锁并运行结束

5)线程A再次获得锁并运行结束

-WAITING 和 BLOCKED

BLOCKED 与 WAITING 的区别在于BLOCKED是等待锁时的状态

示例：

class ThreadA3 extends Thread {

private Object lock;

public ThreadA3(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

}

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("ThreadA started.");

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("ThreadA get the lock.");

try {

sleep(3000);

lock.wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("ThreadA release the lock.");

System.out.println("ThreadA end.");

}

}

class ThreadB3 extends Thread {

private Object lock;

public ThreadB3(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

}

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("ThreadB started.");

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("ThreadB get the lock.");

lock.notify();

try {

sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("ThreadB release the lock.");

System.out.println("ThreadB end.");

}

}

运行结果：

ThreadA started.

ThreadA get the lock.

ThreadB started.

Thread A:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:BLOCKED

Thread A:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:BLOCKED

Thread A:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:BLOCKED

Thread A:TIMED_WAITING,Thread B:BLOCKED

ThreadB get the lock.

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

Thread A:BLOCKED,Thread B:TIMED_WAITING

ThreadB release the lock.

ThreadB end.

ThreadA release the lock.

ThreadA end.

1)线程A先启动并获得锁，调用sleep 进入TIMED_WAITING状态

2)线程B竞争锁失败，进入 BLOCKED 状态

3)线程A调用wait方法释放锁并等待唤醒

4)线程B获得锁并唤醒线程A，自己进入TIMED_WAITING状态

5)线程A被唤醒后尝试重新获取锁但失败，进入BLOCKED状态

6)线程B结束并释放锁

7)线程A获得锁并结束线程

总结

新建未start的线程状态为NEW

调用wait、join并且没设置超时的线程状态为WAITING

调用wait、join、sleep并且设置超时的线程状态为TIMED_WAITING

等待锁的线程状态为BLOCKED

其他运行中的线程状态为RUNNABLE

运行结束的线程状态为TERMINATED