Git学习笔记（五）——修改commit message

在使用git过程中，经常会需要修改提交message的情况，下面是借助rebase对本地提交message修改的示例。

一、修改最近一次的提交的message

git commit -amend

修改完成后:wq保存退出即可。

二、修改历史提交的message

通过rebase方式修改历史commit message，指令格式如下：

git rebase -i HASH

指定需要修改commit的前一次commit id，将需要修改message的commit修改Commands为reword，无需修改的保持pick。
以下演示，将第二个的commit 的message从add line改为add a line。

[root@VM-8-11-centos git]# ls
hello.sh
[root@VM-8-11-centos git]# git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean
[root@VM-8-11-centos git]# git log --graph
* commit 9e358c02dfcc41ef519ef013b5745e912f0acf11
| Author: you <you@local.com>
| Date:   Mon May 23 11:51:55 2022 +0800
|
|     add change world.
|
* commit bdca130a4a7523c989520bfd6510dd3091726cba
| Author: you <you@local.com>
| Date:   Mon May 23 11:51:11 2022 +0800
|
|     add line
|
* commit 3055991d336b7d956f125ced593a01a7af8a9814
  Author: you <you@local.com>
  Date:   Mon May 23 11:50:30 2022 +0800

      init
[root@VM-8-11-centos git]# git rebase -i 3055991d336b7d956f125ced593a01a7af8a9814
 ## 进入到交互式控制中，修改对应提交的Commands为reword，:wq保存
reword bdca130 add line
pick 9e358c0 add change world.

# Rebase 3055991..9e358c0 onto 3055991
#
# Commands:
#  p, pick = use commit
#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
#
# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
#
# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
#
# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
#
# Note that empty commits are commented out

######## 退出后，自动进入到message编辑，修改message，同样以:wq保存退出
add a line

# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
# HEAD detached from 3055991
# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch 'master' on '3055991'.
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       modified:   hello.sh
#
##### 退出后，控制台输出成功变更信息
[detached HEAD 6f4306f] add a line
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

完成rebase后，可以发现commit id发生了变化，同时前面修改为reword的提交 message也发生变化

[root@VM-8-11-centos git]# git log --graph
* commit dd79a867725fa6819ddf9e327b50bc43e6ac2c99
| Author: you <you@local.com>
| Date:   Mon May 23 11:51:55 2022 +0800
|
|     add change world.
|
* commit 6f4306ffdb4a0c7fbeca9e2af295674bf79372f4
| Author: you <you@local.com>
| Date:   Mon May 23 11:51:11 2022 +0800
|
|     add a line
|
* commit 3055991d336b7d956f125ced593a01a7af8a9814
  Author: you <you@local.com>
  Date:   Mon May 23 11:50:30 2022 +0800

      init