抽取JDBC工具类:JDBCUtils
1.目的:简化书写
2.分析:
1.注册驱动也抽取
2.抽取一个方法获取连接对象
- 需求:不想传递参数(麻烦),还得保证工具类的通用性
- 解决:配置文件
jdbc.properties
url=
user=
password=
3.抽取一个方法释放资源
3.代码实现:
- 配置文件jdbc.properties:
url=jdbc:mysql:///db3
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- JDBCUtils工具类
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
// 文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
static{
//读取资源文件,获取值
try {
//1.创建Properties集合类
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式-->ClassLoader类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path = res.getPath();
System.out.println(path);// /D:/IdeaProjects/javaweb-code/out/production/day05-code/jdbc.properties
//2.加载文件
// pro.load(new FileReader("D:\\IdeaProjects\\javaweb-code\\day05-code\\src\\jdbc.properties"));
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3.获取属性,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4.注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
}
// 释放资源
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// 释放资源
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
- 演示JDBC工具类中修改的代码
1.注册驱动,获取连接:conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
2.资源释放:JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
4.练习:
- 需求:
1.通过键盘录入用户名和密码
2.判断用户是否登录成功
- select * from user where username = "" and password = "";
- 如果这个sql有查询结果,则成功;反之,则失败。
- 步骤:
1.创建数据库表user
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32),
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32)
);
SELECT * FROM USER;
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'zhangsan','123');
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'lisi','234');
2.修改配置文件jdbc.properties:
url=jdbc:mysql:///db4
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
3.main方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.键盘录入,接收用户名和秘密
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//2.调用方法
boolean flag = login(username, password);
//3.判断结果,输出不同语句
if(flag){
//登录成功
System.out.println("登录成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");
}
}
4.登录方法
public static boolean login(String username,String password){
if(username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = '"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"'";
//3.获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.执行查询
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//5.判断
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
JDBC控制事务
1.事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败。
2.操作:
1.开启事务
2.提交事务
3.回滚事务
3.使用Connection对象来管理事务
1.开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit):调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
- 在执行sql之前开启事务
2.提交事务:commit()
- 当所有sql都执行完提交事务
3.回滚事务:rollback()
- 在catch中回滚事务
4.练习:
- 修改配置文件jdbc.properties:
url=jdbc:mysql:///db3
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- 事务操作主方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//开启事务
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//2.定义sql
//2.1张三 - 500
String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";
//2.2李四 + 500
String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";
//3.获取执行sql对象
pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);
pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);
//4.设置参数
pstmt1.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt1.setInt(2,1);
pstmt2.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt2.setInt(2,2);
//5.执行sql
pstmt1.executeUpdate();
//手动制造异常
int i = 3/0;
pstmt2.executeUpdate();
//提交事务
conn.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
//回滚事务
if(conn != null){
conn.rollback();
}
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn);
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null);
}
}