在linux字符驱动中实现一个加法应用

在linux字符驱动中实现一个加法应用

目的

熟悉linux字符驱动框架。
设计内核模块，通过对设备节点的读写实现加法操作的可视化输入输出。

先丢代码

/*
 * dev_sub.c
 *
 * Author: licay <licay@xxx.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/string.h>

#define MEM_SIZE	0x1000
#define MEM_CLEAR	0x1
#define DEV_MAJOR	260

static int device_major = DEV_MAJOR;
module_param(device_major, int, S_IRUGO);

typedef struct {
	struct cdev cdev;
	unsigned char output[MEM_SIZE];
	unsigned char input[MEM_SIZE];
} dev_sub_t;

dev_sub_t *dev_subp;

static int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	filp->private_data = dev_subp;
	return 0;
}

static int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	return 0;
}

static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
			    unsigned long arg)
{
	dev_sub_t *dev = filp->private_data;

	switch (cmd) {
	case MEM_CLEAR:
		memset(dev->input, 0, MEM_SIZE);
		printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
		break;

	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user * buf, size_t size,
			      loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	int a,b;
	dev_sub_t *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (sscanf(dev->input,"%d %d ",&a,&b) == 2)
		sprintf(dev->output,"%d+%d=%d\n", a, b, a+b);
	else
		sprintf(dev->output,"input error\n");
	/**/
	if (p >= MEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > MEM_SIZE - p)
		count = MEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->output + p, count)) {
		ret = -EFAULT;
	} else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}
	

	return ret;
}

static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user * buf,
			       size_t size, loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	dev_sub_t *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (p >= MEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > MEM_SIZE - p)
		count = MEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_from_user(dev->input + p, buf, count))
		ret = -EFAULT;
	else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "written %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}

	return ret;
}

static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
	loff_t ret = 0;
	switch (orig) {
	case 0:
		if (offset < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((unsigned int)offset > MEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	case 1:
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > MEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos += offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	default:
		ret = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
	.read = globalmem_read,
	.write = globalmem_write,
	.unlocked_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
	.open = globalmem_open,
	.release = globalmem_release,
};

static void globalmem_setup_cdev(dev_sub_t *dev, int index)
{
	int err, devno = MKDEV(device_major, index);

	cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops);
	dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
	if (err)
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalmem%d", err, index);
}

static int __init globalmem_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(device_major, 0);

	/* request a device number */
	if (device_major)
		ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "dev_sub");
	else {
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "dev_sub");
		device_major = MAJOR(devno);
	}
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	dev_subp = kzalloc(sizeof(dev_sub_t), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev_subp) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail_malloc;
	}

	globalmem_setup_cdev(dev_subp, 0);
	return 0;

 fail_malloc:
	unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
	return ret;
}
module_init(globalmem_init);

static void __exit globalmem_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&dev_subp->cdev);
	kfree(dev_subp);
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(device_major, 0), 1);
}
module_exit(globalmem_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("licay <licay@xxx.com>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");

编译内核模块

创建makefile文件如下

KVERS = $(shell uname -r)

# Kernel modules
obj-m += dev_sub.o
#obj-m += multi_dev_sub.o

# Specify flags for the module compilation.
#EXTRA_CFLAGS=-g -O0

build: kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) modules

clean:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) clean

将dev_sub.c和Makefile放在同一目录下，直接运行命令make即可生成dev_sub.ko内核模块。

sudo insmod dev_sub.ko	#加载模块
lsmod					#显示加载的模块
cat /proc/devices		#查看设备号
#mknod 设备名 设备类型 主设备号 次设备号
mknod /dev/dev_sub c 260 0	#创建设备节点

将模块加载到内核后是无法直接访问的，需要创建设备节点与模块绑定，该模块在程序中设定设备号为260。因此直接使用mknod命令创建节点/dev/dev_sub。
使用明令对节点进行读写：

echo "22 33" > /dev/dev_sub && cat /dev/dev_sub