设计模式--第7篇（装饰者模式）

一，装饰者模式

装饰者模式：
动态的将新功能附加到对象上，在功能扩展方面比继承更具有弹性，体现了OCP原则；

二，原理类图

意图： 动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，Decorator 模式相比生成子类更为灵活。
适用性：

1. 在不影响其他对象的情况下，以动态、透明的方式给单个对象添加职责。
2. 处理那些可以撤消的职责。
3. 当不能采用生成子类的方法进行扩充时。一种情况是，可能有大量独立的扩展，为支持每一种组合将产生大量的子类，使得子类数目呈爆炸性增长。另一种情况可能是因为类定义被隐藏，或类定义不能用于生成子类。

三，实例

抽象类

package com.neei.decorator;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:23
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public abstract class Drink {

    private String desc;
    private double price = 0.0d;

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public abstract double cost();
}

缓存层

package com.neei.decorator.coffee;

import com.neei.decorator.Drink;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:25
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public class Coffee extends Drink {

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return super.getPrice();
    }
}

被装饰物

package com.neei.decorator.coffee;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:29
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public class Latte extends Coffee {
    public Latte() {
        setDesc("拿铁咖啡");
        setPrice(8D);
    }
}

public class Civet extends Coffee {
    public Civet() {
        setDesc("猫屎咖啡");
        setPrice(88D);
    }
}

装饰者

package com.neei.decorator;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:31
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public class Decorator extends Drink {

    private Drink drink;

    public Decorator(Drink drink) {
        this.drink = drink;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return super.getPrice() + drink.cost();
    }

    //输出装饰者信息
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + ":" + super.getPrice() + "&&" + drink.getDesc() + ":" + drink.getPrice();
    }
}

装饰物

package com.neei.decorator.season;

import com.neei.decorator.Decorator;
import com.neei.decorator.Drink;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:36
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public class Chocolate extends Decorator {
    public Chocolate(Drink drink) {
        super(drink);
        setDesc("巧克力");
        setPrice(3D);
    }
}

public class Milk extends Decorator {

    public Milk(Drink drink) {
        super(drink);
        setDesc("牛奶");
        setPrice(2D);
    }
}

public class Sugar extends Decorator {

    public Sugar(Drink drink) {
        super(drink);
        setDesc("糖");
        setPrice(1D);
    }
}

调用

package com.neei.decorator;

import com.neei.decorator.coffee.Civet;
import com.neei.decorator.season.Chocolate;
import com.neei.decorator.season.Milk;
import com.neei.decorator.season.Sugar;

/**
 * @param
 * @Author: AaNeei
 * @Date: 2019/10/7  16:39
 * @Description: 游学网
 * @throws:
 */
public class CoffeeBar {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //点一份猫屎,加糖，牛奶，巧克力各一份
        Drink drink = new Civet();
        System.out.println(drink.cost());
        System.out.println(drink.getDesc());
        //加糖
        drink = new Sugar(drink);
        System.out.println(drink.cost());
        System.out.println(drink.getDesc());
        //加牛奶
        drink=new Milk(drink);
        System.out.println(drink.cost());
        System.out.println(drink.getDesc());
        //加巧克力
        drink=new Chocolate(drink);
        System.out.println(drink.cost());
        System.out.println(drink.getDesc());

    }
}

四，源码分析

JDK源码中使用的装饰者模式,如FilterInputStream；

public class FilterInputStream extends InputStream {
    /**
     * The input stream to be filtered.
     */
    protected volatile InputStream in;
    ...
}