设计模式之单例模式

1、单例模式之饿汉模式

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private static final SingletonPattern singletonPattern
            = new SingletonPattern();

    private SingletonPattern() {

    }

    public static SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        return singletonPattern;
    }
}

优点：线程出现以前就初始化，不存在线程访问安全问题。没有加任何锁，执行效率高，用户体验比懒汉模式更好

缺点：类加载时就初始化，不管用与不用都占用空间，浪费内存

结论：适用于单例对象较少的情况

2、单例模式之懒汉单例模式

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {

    }

    private static SingletonPattern singletonPattern = null;

    public static SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        if (singletonPattern == null) {
            singletonPattern = new SingletonPattern();
        }
        return singletonPattern;
    }

}

结论：该方式线程不安全，但效率高，适用与单线程

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {

    }

    private static SingletonPattern singletonPattern = null;

    public synchronized static SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        if (singletonPattern == null) {
            singletonPattern = new SingletonPattern();
        }
        return singletonPattern;
    }

}

结论：该方式线程安全，但效率低

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {

    }

    private static SingletonPattern singletonPattern = null;

    public static SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        //双重检查锁初步优化
        if (singletonPattern == null) {
            synchronized (SingletonPattern.class){
                if (singletonPattern==null){
                    singletonPattern = new SingletonPattern();
                }
            }
        }
        return singletonPattern;
    }

}

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {

    }

    public static final SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        return LazySingletonPattern.LAZY;
    }

    //静态内部类进一步优化
    private static class LazySingletonPattern {
        private static final SingletonPattern LAZY = new SingletonPattern();
    }

}

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {
        //防止反序列化创建多个实例
        if (LazySingletonPattern.LAZY != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("不允许创建多个实例");
        }
    }

    public static final SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        return LazySingletonPattern.LAZY;
    }

    private static class LazySingletonPattern {
        private static final SingletonPattern LAZY = new SingletonPattern();
    }

}

 结论：上面反序列化可以破坏单例，以上单例模式，兼顾性能，内存，线程安全

package com.day2;

public class SingletonPattern {

    private SingletonPattern() {
        //防止反序列化创建多个实例
        if (LazySingletonPattern.LAZY != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("不允许创建多个实例");
        }
    }

    public static final SingletonPattern getInstance() {
        return LazySingletonPattern.LAZY;
    }

    private static class LazySingletonPattern {
        private static final SingletonPattern LAZY = new SingletonPattern();
    }
    
    private Object readResolve(){
        return LazySingletonPattern.LAZY;
    }

}

结论：上面反序列化不可以破坏单例，以上单例模式，兼顾性能，内存，线程安全。。。

----枚举方式单例、容器方式单例和线程方式单例（ThreadLocal）后续补充----