OpenCV里imshow()处理不同数据类型的numpy.ndarray分析

• Python 3.6
• opencv-python==3.4.2.16
• numpy==1.16.2

针对不同数据类型的numpy.ndarray，cv2.imshow()处理结果不同。
本文就此进行试验，新建不同类型的numpy.ndarray，使用cv2.imshow()显示结果分析。

使用pycharm按住Ctrl加鼠标左键进入函数cv2.imshow()可以看见文档

The function imshow displays an image in the specified window. If the window was created with the
. cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE flag, the image is shown with its original size, however it is still limited by the screen resolution.
. Otherwise, the image is scaled to fit the window. The function may scale the image, depending on its depth:
.
. - If the image is 8-bit unsigned, it is displayed as is.
. - If the image is 16-bit unsigned or 32-bit integer, the pixels are divided by 256. That is, the
. value range [0,255*256] is mapped to [0,255].
. - If the image is 32-bit or 64-bit floating-point, the pixel values are multiplied by 255. That is, the
. value range [0,1] is mapped to [0,255].

机翻：

imshow函数在指定窗口中显示图像。如果窗口是用WINDOW_AUTOSIZE标志，图像以其原始大小显示，但仍受屏幕分辨率的限制。
否则，将缩放图像以适应窗口。该函数可根据图像的深度缩放图像：
如果图像是8位无符号的，则按原样显示。
如果图像是16位无符号或32位整数，则像素除以256。也就是说值范围[0, 255*256]映射到[0, 255]。
如果图像是32位或64位浮点，则像素值乘以255。也就是说值范围[0, 1]映射到[0, 255]。

写demo演示

测试不同数据类型

uint8

import cv2
import numpy as np

height, width = 200, 200

def test_uint8():
    img_a = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype='uint8')
    img_a[:, :, 0] = 255
    print(f'img_a[0, 0, 0]={img_a[0, 0, 0]}\n'
        f'type(img_a)={type(img_a)}\nimg_a.dtype={img_a.dtype}\nimg_a.shape={img_a.shape}\n')
    '''
    img_a[0, 0, 0]=255
    type(img_a)=<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    img_a.dtype=uint8
    img_a.shape=(200, 200, 3)
    '''

    img_b = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype='uint8')
    img_b[:, :, 0] = 0.8
    print(f'img_b[0, 0, 0]={img_b[0, 0, 0]}\n'
        f'type(img_b)={type(img_b)}\nimg_b.dtype={img_b.dtype}\nimg_b.shape={img_b.shape}\n')
    '''
    img_b[0, 0, 0]=0
    type(img_b)=<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    img_b.dtype=uint8
    img_b.shape=(200, 200, 3)
    '''

    img_c = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype='uint8')
    img_c[:, :, 0] = 300
    print(f'img_c[0, 0, 0]={img_c[0, 0, 0]}\n'
        f'type(img_c)={type(img_c)}\nimg_c.dtype={img_c.dtype}\nimg_c.shape={img_c.shape}\n')
    '''
    img_c[0, 0, 0]=44
    type(img_c)=<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    img_c.dtype=uint8
    img_c.shape=(200, 200, 3)
    '''

    img_d = np.zeros((height, width, 3))
    img_d[:, :, 0] = 256
    print(f'img_d[0, 0, 0]={img_d[0, 0, 0]}\n'
        f'type(img_d)={type(img_d)}\nimg_d.dtype={img_d.dtype}\nimg_d.shape={img_d.shape}\n')
    # 对其进行类型转换
    img_d = img_d.astype('uint8')
    print(f'img_d[0, 0, 0]={img_d[0, 0, 0]}\n'
        f'type(img_d)={type(img_d)}\nimg_d.dtype={img_d.dtype}\nimg_d.shape={img_d.shape}\n')
    '''
    img_d[0, 0, 0]=256.0
    type(img_d)=<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    img_d.dtype=float64
    img_d.shape=(200, 200, 3)

    img_d[0, 0, 0]=0
    type(img_d)=<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
    img_d.dtype=uint8
    img_d.shape=(200, 200, 3)
    '''

    cv2.imshow('a', img_a)
    cv2.imshow('b'