java游戏框架规范_[Java 游戏编程]游戏框架预览

游戏窗体：

JFrame 容器加载一个游戏画布实现【add(GamePanel)】

pack()方法表示由JComponent来决定窗体大小

import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Game {

public static void main(String []args) {

JFrame window = new JFrame("First Game");

window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

window.add(new GamePanel());

window.pack();

window.setVisible(true);

}

}

游戏画布：

构造函数中

/*实现GUI event的处理*/

setFocusable(true); 设置GamePanel成为控件焦点

requestFocus();        请求获取焦点

游戏线程的创建：

addNotify(); 方法在JFrame加载了GamePanel后执行 因为方便开始游戏线程 所以重写了该方法 该方法一定要先执行super.addNotify 父类方法 然后在执行游戏线程等

双缓冲：

private BufferedImage image; // 后备缓冲【back-buffer 是一个与屏幕大小一样的虚拟屏幕】  与屏幕 互相切换 平滑的实现游戏中动态效果

private Graphics2D g;               //  游戏画刷 用于把图像画到image中

gameRender();//   渲染到后备缓冲 【具体细节参照实现】

gameDraw();        //   将后备缓冲绘制到屏幕上 【具体细节参照实现】

计算fps：

一般游戏为30fps

startTime = System.nanoTime(); 获取当前时间【单位纳秒】

URDTime = (System.nanoTime - startTime) / 1000000; 求出 当前循环中的游戏逻辑使用时间【单位微秒】

waitTime = targetTime - URDTimeMillis; 求出fps【单位微秒】

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.image.*;

public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements Runnable {

private static final int WIDTH = 400;

private static final int HEIGHT = 400;

private Thread thread;

private boolean running;

private BufferedImage image;// game canvas

private Graphics2D g; // game paint brush

private int FPS = 30;

private double averageFPS;

public GamePanel() {

setPreferredSize(new Dimension(WIDTH, HEIGHT));

setFocusable(true);

requestFocus();

}

// FUNCTIONS

public void addNotify() {

super.addNotify();

if (thread == null) {

thread = new Thread(this);

thread.start();

}

// other game thread stuff

}

private void gameStart() {

running = true;

}

public void run() {

gameStart();

image = new BufferedImage (WIDTH, HEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();

long startTime;

long URDTimeMillis;

long waitTime;

long totalTime = 0;

int frameCount = 0;

int maxFrameCount = 30;

long targetTime = 1000 / FPS;

// GAME LOOP

while (running) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

gameUpdate();

gameRender();

gameDraw();

URDTimeMillis = (System.nanoTime() - startTime) / 1000000;

waitTime = targetTime - URDTimeMillis;

try {

Thread.sleep(waitTime);

}

catch (Exception e) { }

totalTime += System.nanoTime() - startTime;

frameCount++;

if (frameCount == maxFrameCount) {

averageFPS = 1000.0 / ((totalTime / frameCount) / 1000000);

frameCount = 0;

totalTime = 0;

}

}

}

private void gameUpdate() {

}

private void gameRender() {

// draw to screen image first

g.setColor(Color.WHITE);

g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

g.setColor(Color.BLACK);

g.drawString("FPS: " + averageFPS, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2);

}

private void gameDraw() {

// draw to game screen image second

Graphics g2 = this.getGraphics();

g2.drawImage(image, 0 , 0, null);

g2.dispose();

}

}