Ubantu虚拟机PHP+Nginx+Mysql8.0+Composer+xshell环境安装

Ubantu虚拟机环境安装

Ubuntu安装Nginx

安装

安装包安装命令

sudo apt-get install nginx

更新源

sudo apt-get update

更新已安装的包

sudo apt-get upgrade

目录

名称	目录
配置文件	/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
程序文件	/usr/sbin/nginx
日志	/var/log/nginx
默认虚拟主机	/var/www/html

命令

name	command
启动	sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
停止	sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
重启	sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
状态	sudo /etc/init.d/nginx status

name	command
查看状态	$ sudo systemctl status nginx.service
开启 nginx 服务	$ sudo systemctl start nginx.service
重启服务	$ sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
查看所有服务	$ sudo systemctl list-units --type=servic

配置

安装完之后，需要配置一下nginx。

在/etc/nginx/sites-enable/defaul文件里
		
打开location ~ \.php$处的注释

把fastcgi_pass配置如下：

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;【注意PHP的版本】

Ubuntu安装php

命令

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install --dry-run php
sudo apt-get install php

安装完成，命令 php-v 可查看PHP版本

查看PHP所有扩展

apt-cache search --names-only ^php | grep "php7.4"

安装扩展

apt-get install php7.4-xml

所有扩展

php7.4 - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
php7.4-cgi - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary)
php7.4-cli - command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
php7.4-common - documentation, examples and common module for PHP
php7.4-curl - CURL module for PHP
php7.4-dev - Files for PHP7.4 module development
php7.4-gd - GD module for PHP
php7.4-gmp - GMP module for PHP
php7.4-json - JSON module for PHP
php7.4-ldap - LDAP module for PHP
php7.4-mysql - MySQL module for PHP
php7.4-odbc - ODBC module for PHP
php7.4-opcache - Zend OpCache module for PHP
php7.4-pgsql - PostgreSQL module for PHP
php7.4-pspell - pspell module for PHP
php7.4-readline - readline module for PHP
php7.4-snmp - SNMP module for PHP
php7.4-sqlite3 - SQLite3 module for PHP
php7.4-tidy - tidy module for PHP
php7.4-xml - DOM, SimpleXML, XML, and XSL module for PHP
php7.4-xmlrpc - XMLRPC-EPI module for PHP
libphp7.4-embed - HTML-embedded scripting language (Embedded SAPI library)
php7.4-bcmath - Bcmath module for PHP
php7.4-bz2 - bzip2 module for PHP
php7.4-dba - DBA module for PHP
php7.4-enchant - Enchant module for PHP
php7.4-fpm - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
php7.4-imap - IMAP module for PHP
php7.4-interbase - Interbase module for PHP
php7.4-intl - Internationalisation module for PHP
php7.4-mbstring - MBSTRING module for PHP
php7.4-phpdbg - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (PHPDBG binary)
php7.4-soap - SOAP module for PHP
php7.4-sybase - Sybase module for PHP
php7.4-xsl - XSL module for PHP (dummy)
php7.4-zip - Zip module for PHP

命令

name	command
启动	$ sudo service php7.4-fpm start
停止	$ sudo service php7.4-fpm stop
重启	$ sudo service php7.4-fpm restart
状态	$ sudo service php7.4-fpm reload

ubuntu 下 PHP-FPM + Nginx 环境搭建

nginx.conf 配置文件。

http {

...
...
省略部分代码，不用修改
...
...

       include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
       include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
       include /etc/nginx/vhost/项目的配置文件;
       include /etc/nginx/vhost/项目的配置文件;
}

vhost下项目的配置文件。

server {
        listen        80;
        server_name  域名;
        root   项目根目录;

        location / {
            index index.php index.html error/index.html;

            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
            autoindex  off;
        }
        location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
            fastcgi_pass   unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        }
}

Ubuntu安装mysql

安装MySQL8.x 命令

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

配置MySQL

开始初始化

sudo mysql_secure_installation

#1
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords...
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (我的选项)
 
#2
Please set the password for root here...
New password: (输入密码)
Re-enter new password: (重复输入)
 
#3
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them...
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (我的选项)
 
#4
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network...
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (我的选项)
 
#5
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access...
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (我的选项)
 
#6
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (我的选项)

检查mysql服务状态：

systemctl status mysql.service

配置远程访问

授权root用户可以远程登陆
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
刷新权限
flush privileges;
修改加密规则
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
更新 root 用户密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'yourpassword';
刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES

测试连接。用 Navicat 连接数据库就可以正常连接了。

Ubuntu如何开启root账户登录

以普通用户登录系统，创建root用户的密码

1.以普通用户登录系统，创建root用户的密码
sudo passwd root
2.先输入当前普通用户（如用户coco）的密码，用于提权。
3.然后再输入为root用户所设置的密码，输入两次，这样就完成设置root用户密码了（注意Linux系统下密码是没有回显的）

修改50-ubuntu.conf文件

1.在终端输入命令：
sudo gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
2.在文件末尾增加如下两行并保存：
greeter-show-manual-login=true #手工输入登陆系统的用户名和密码
allow-guest=false #不允许guest登录（可选）

修改gdm-autologin文件

1.在终端输入命令：
sudo gedit /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin
2.在第三行前面加#以注释掉auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success，随后保存并退出

修改gdm-password文件

1.在终端输入命令：
sudo gedit /etc/pam.d/gdm-password
2.在第三行前面加#以注释掉auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success，随后保存并退出

修改/root/.profile文件

1.在终端输入命令：
sudo gedit /root/.profile
2.将文件末尾的mesg n 2> /dev/null || true这一行注释掉，并随后添加：
tty -s&&mesg n || true

注销当前用户，登录root用户

一般修改完配置后最好重启一下
reboot

Ubantu 链接xshell

开启SSH服务，需要开启openssh-server

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

启动

root@ubuntu:~# ps -e | grep ssh
如果只有ssh-agent表示还没启动，需要
root@ubuntu:~# /etc/init.d/ssh start

编辑一下/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件

root@ubuntu:~# /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
将 PermitRootLogin改为yes：

重启ssh-server即可

root@ubuntu:~# sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

ubuntu 全局安装composer

安装

apt install curl
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

这样要这样运行composer

php composer.phar

把composer.phar移动至

 mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

##composer忽略版本匹配

提示我的PHP 7版本太高，不符合composer.json需要的版本，但是在PHP 7下应该也是可以运行的，composer可以设置忽略版本匹配，命令是：
composer install --ignore-platform-reqs