mysql 单态设计模式_每日一发设计模式 - 单例模式（singleton）

singleton

单例模式，是一种常用的软件设计模式。在它的核心结构中只包含一个被称为单例的特殊类。通过单例模式可以保证系统中，应用该模式的类一个类只有一个实例。即一个类只有一个对象实例。

为什么要用单例模式

在实际的项目中，有一些东西是大家共用的，比如：系统配置、redis实例、数据库实例等，我们不希望每个用户在使用这些资源的时候，自己去新建一份实例，这样会造成资源的浪费。

目的：保证一个类只有一个实例

使用场景：当你想控制实例个数，节省系统资源的时候

解决方案：判断该类是否已经有实例，如果有则返回，没有则创建

关键代码：私有化构造函数，让使用方不能随意的去实例

实现方案：懒汉、饿汉、静态内部类、枚举

懒汉 - 线程不安全

package com.my.test.singleton;

//懒汉 - 线程不安全

public class SingletonExample01 {

private SingletonExample01(){

}

private static SingletonExample01 instance = null;

public static SingletonExample01 getInstance(){

if(instance == null){

instance = new SingletonExample01();

}

return instance;

}

}

懒汉 - 线程安全

package com.my.test.singleton;

//懒汉 - 线程安全

public class SingletonExample02 {

private SingletonExample02(){

}

private static SingletonExample02 instance = null;

public static synchronized SingletonExample02 getInstance(){

if(instance == null){

instance = new SingletonExample02();

}

return instance;

}

}

双重校验锁

package com.my.test.singleton;

//懒汉 - 双重校验锁

public class SingletonExample03 {

private SingletonExample03(){

}

private static volatile SingletonExample03 instance = null;

public static SingletonExample03 getInstance(){

if(instance == null){

synchronized (SingletonExample03.class){

if(instance == null){

instance = new SingletonExample03();

}

}

}

return instance;

}

}

饿汉模式

package com.my.test.singleton;

//饿汉模式

public class SingletonExample04 {

private SingletonExample04(){

}

// 方法一

// private static SingletonExample04 instance = new SingletonExample04();

// 方法二

private static SingletonExample04 instance = null;

static {

instance = new SingletonExample04();

}

public static SingletonExample04 getInstance(){

return instance;

}

}

静态内部类

package com.my.test.singleton;

// 静态内部类

public class SingletonExample05 {

private SingletonExample05(){

}

private static class InstanceSingletonExample05{

private static SingletonExample05 instance = new SingletonExample05();

}

public static SingletonExample05 getInstance(){

return InstanceSingletonExample05.instance;

}

}

枚举

package com.my.test.singleton;

// 枚举

public class SingletonExample06 {

private SingletonExample06(){

}

public static SingletonExample06 getInstance(){

return InstanceSingletonExample06.INSTANCE.getSingletonExample06();

}

private enum InstanceSingletonExample06{

INSTANCE;

private SingletonExample06 singletonExample06 = new SingletonExample06();

public SingletonExample06 getSingletonExample06(){

return singletonExample06;

}

}

}

枚举2.0

package com.my.test.singleton;

public enum SingletonEnumExample{

INSTANCE;

public void test(){

// do everything

}

}

实例场景之 - 获取jdbc连接

我们新增两个类，第一个是非单例的获取jdbc连接

package com.mk.designDemo.singleton;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class MDataSourceNoSingle {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MDataSourceNoSingle.class);

private static Connection connection = null;

public Connection getConnection() {

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://******:3306/*****?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "root");

logger.info("线程{}实例化connection", Thread.currentThread().getName());

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return connection;

}

}

第二个使用了单例模式

package com.mk.designDemo.singleton;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class MDataSourceSingle {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MDataSourceSingle.class);

private static Connection connection = null;

static {

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://******:3306/*****?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "root");

logger.info("线程{}实例化connection", Thread.currentThread().getName());

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {

logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);

}

}

private MDataSourceSingle() {

}

public static Connection getConnection() {

return connection;

}

}

然后我们写了一个简单的controller，里面有两个接口，用来验证结果

package com.mk.designDemo.controller;

import com.mk.designDemo.singleton.MDataSourceNoSingle;

import com.mk.designDemo.singleton.MDataSourceSingle;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.sql.Connection;

@RestController

public class SingletonController {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SingletonController.class);

private final static String sql = "select * from t_trade_date limit 10";

@RequestMapping(path = "/noSingleton")

public String noSingleton() {

MDataSourceNoSingle mDataSourceNoSingle = new MDataSourceNoSingle();

Connection connection = mDataSourceNoSingle.getConnection();

doExecute(connection, sql);

return "OK";

}

@RequestMapping(path = "/singleton")

public String singleton() {

doExecute(MDataSourceSingle.getConnection(), sql);

return "OK";

}

private void doExecute(Connection connection, String sql) {

logger.info("do execute sql:{}", sql);

}

}

当我们调用三次非单例的接口时，查看日志输出如下，connection被实例化了多次：

2019-07-09 15:47:31.966 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/noSingleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:47:31.970 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.noSingleton()

2019-07-09 15:47:32.633 [http-nio-80-exec-1] INFO c.m.d.singleton.MDataSourceNoSingle - 线程http-nio-80-exec-1实例化connection

2019-07-09 15:47:32.633 [http-nio-80-exec-1] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:47:32.671 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:47:32.672 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:47:32.693 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

2019-07-09 15:47:40.005 [http-nio-80-exec-4] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/noSingleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:47:40.007 [http-nio-80-exec-4] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.noSingleton()

2019-07-09 15:47:40.361 [http-nio-80-exec-4] INFO c.m.d.singleton.MDataSourceNoSingle - 线程http-nio-80-exec-4实例化connection

2019-07-09 15:47:40.361 [http-nio-80-exec-4] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:47:40.362 [http-nio-80-exec-4] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:47:40.362 [http-nio-80-exec-4] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:47:40.363 [http-nio-80-exec-4] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

2019-07-09 15:47:48.459 [http-nio-80-exec-7] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/noSingleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:47:48.461 [http-nio-80-exec-7] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.noSingleton()

2019-07-09 15:47:48.801 [http-nio-80-exec-7] INFO c.m.d.singleton.MDataSourceNoSingle - 线程http-nio-80-exec-7实例化connection

2019-07-09 15:47:48.801 [http-nio-80-exec-7] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:47:48.802 [http-nio-80-exec-7] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:47:48.802 [http-nio-80-exec-7] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:47:48.803 [http-nio-80-exec-7] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

然后我们调用单例的接口三次，日志输出如下，我们可以看到，只有第一次进行了实例化，后面再也没有继续实例化

2019-07-09 15:49:22.868 [http-nio-80-exec-10] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/singleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:49:22.871 [http-nio-80-exec-10] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.singleton()

2019-07-09 15:49:23.234 [http-nio-80-exec-10] INFO c.m.d.singleton.MDataSourceSingle - 线程http-nio-80-exec-10实例化connection

2019-07-09 15:49:23.235 [http-nio-80-exec-10] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:49:23.237 [http-nio-80-exec-10] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:49:23.237 [http-nio-80-exec-10] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:49:23.239 [http-nio-80-exec-10] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

2019-07-09 15:49:25.032 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/singleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:49:25.034 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.singleton()

2019-07-09 15:49:25.034 [http-nio-80-exec-1] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:49:25.035 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:49:25.036 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:49:25.038 [http-nio-80-exec-1] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

2019-07-09 15:49:25.926 [http-nio-80-exec-2] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/web/singleton", parameters={}

2019-07-09 15:49:25.926 [http-nio-80-exec-2] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to public java.lang.String com.mk.designDemo.controller.SingletonController.singleton()

2019-07-09 15:49:25.927 [http-nio-80-exec-2] INFO c.m.d.controller.SingletonController - do execute sql:select * from t_trade_date limit 10

2019-07-09 15:49:25.928 [http-nio-80-exec-2] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Using 'text/html', given [text/html, application/xhtml+xml, image/webp, image/apng, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8] and supported [text/plain, */*, text/plain, */*, application/json, application/*+json, application/json, application/*+json]

2019-07-09 15:49:25.928 [http-nio-80-exec-2] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor - Writing ["OK"]

2019-07-09 15:49:25.929 [http-nio-80-exec-2] DEBUG o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK

验证通过，OVER！