加权二叉树,每个节点存储权值(非负整数)。我们定义节点的inbalance作为它的左右子树的和权值的绝对差。一个空子树的权值为0。
我们的实现应该支持以下操作:
•更新节点权值。
•插入新节点。
•移动根节点的子树。
•找到最不平衡的节点,即最inbalance的节点。
因此需要维护一个树,其中树中的每个节点都持有一个权重值作为它的key
“inbalance”的value等同于此节点左右子树的求和权值之差。
Example:
Tree:
Imbalance:
Move subtree
您还必须支持move_subtree(node_a, node_b, left_child)函数,其中以node_a为根的子树被生成为node_b的一个子树。Left_child是一个布尔值,决定node_a是node_b的左子节点还是它的右子节点。如果node_b已经有一个子节点作为node_a的指定位置,那么函数应该什么都不做。
你必须在移动子树之后,确保所有节点的inbalance属性都是正确的。你可以假设node_b不在node_a的子树中,因此你不需要检查这个。
Example:
move_subtree(D,C,false):
Imbalance:
Find Max Imbalance
应该努力使实现尽可能高效。请注意,我们不要使用低效的方法,显式地测试实现的效率实现可能导致Ed超时。
你需要实现以下功能:
node.py
• init
• add_left_child, add_right_child
• update_weight
tree.py
• put
• move_subtree
• find_max_imbalance
(注意,如果需要,可以向类中添加额外的函数和变量,因此请放心修改和扩展这些函数,只要保留现有的函数签名和变量不变。)
Code
node.py
这个文件保存关于树中节点的所有信息。
Properties
Functions
init(weight)
•初始化节点属性。
add_left_child (child_node)
•将子节点添加为该节点的左子节点,如果该节点已经有一个左孩子结点,则不做任何操作。
•运行计算更新inbalance。
add_right_child (child_node)
•将子节点添加为该节点的右子节点,如果该节点已经存在右孩子,则不做任何操作
•运行计算更新不平衡。
is_external ()
•检查节点是否为叶节点。
get_left_child()(或node.left_child)
•返回该节点的左子节点。
get_right_child()(或node.right_child)
•返回该节点的右子节点。
update_weight(weight)
•设置节点的权重。
•运行计算更新不平衡。
get_imbalance()(或node.imbalance)
•返回该节点的不平衡状态。
tree.py
主树文件,保存与树和节点的所有交互。
Properties
root *Node 树的根节点
Functions
put(node, child, left_child)
•将子节点添加为左子节点或右子节点(取决于left_child)
如果节点B也有子节点,则没有。
move_subtree (node_a node_b left_child)
•移动节点A成为节点B的左子节点或右子节点(取决于left_child),
如果节点B也有子节点,则不执行任何操作。
•运行计算更新不平衡。
find_max_imbalance ()
•返回树的最大不平衡。
测试
我们在此存储库的tests目录中为您提供了一些测试用例。我们
将使用python的unittest包提供的单元测试。
运行测试
从基目录(包含node.py和tree.py的目录)运行
Python -m unittest -v tests/test_sample_tree.py tests/test_sample_node.py
或者,通过以下方式运行所有测试:
Python -m unittest -vv
测试代码如下:
from Node import Node
import unittest
def assert_equal(got, expected, msg):
"""
Simple assert helper
"""
assert expected == got, \
"[{}] Expected: {}, got: {}".format(msg, expected, got)
class SampleNodeTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Testing functionality of the Node class
"""
def setUp(self):
"""
Set up the tree to be used throughout the test
This is the tree given in the sample
A(5)
/ \
C(2) D(8)
/
B(10)
"""
self.A = Node(5)
self.B = Node(10)
self.C = Node(2)
self.D = Node(8)
self.C.add_left_child(self.B)
self.A.add_left_child(self.C)
self.A.add_right_child(self.D)
'''
def test_is_external(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree has been correctly classified
"""
assert_equal(self.A.is_external(), False, "A is not external")
assert_equal(self.B.is_external(), True, "B is external")
assert_equal(self.C.is_external(), False, "C is not external")
assert_equal(self.D.is_external(), True, "D is external")
def test_get_left_child(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree returns the correct left child
"""
assert_equal(self.A.get_left_child(), self.C, "A's left child is C")
assert_equal(self.C.get_left_child(), self.B, "C's left child is B")
assert_equal(self.D.get_left_child(), None, "D has no left child")
assert_equal(self.B.get_left_child(), None, "B has no left child")
def test_get_right_child(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree returns the correct right child
"""
assert_equal(self.A.get_right_child(), self.D, "A's right child is D")
assert_equal(self.C.get_right_child(), None, "C has no right child")
assert_equal(self.D.get_right_child(), None, "D has no right child")
assert_equal(self.B.get_right_child(), None, "B has no right child")
'''
def test_get_imbalance(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree returns the correct imbalance
"""
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 4, "A has an imbalance of 4")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 10, "C has an imbalance of 10")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 0, "D has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
def test_update_weight(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree updates the weight correctly
"""
self.A.update_weight(10)
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 4, "A has an imbalance of 4")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 10, "C has an imbalance of 10")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 0, "D has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
self.B.update_weight(3)
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 3, "A has an imbalance of 3")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 3, "C has an imbalance of 3")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 0, "D has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
"""
Final Tree:
A(10)
/ \
C(2) D(8)
/
B(3)
"""
def test_propagate_imbalance(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree propagates the imbalance correctly when adding children
"""
self.D.add_right_child(Node(7))
"""
Tree:
A(5)
/ \
C(2) D(8)
/ \
B(10) E(7)
"""
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 3, "A has an imbalance of 3")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 10, "C has an imbalance of 10")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 7, "D has an imbalance of 7")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.D.get_right_child().get_imbalance(),
0, "E has no imbalance")
from Node import Node
from Tree import Tree
import unittest
def assert_equal(got, expected, msg):
"""
Simple assert helper
"""
assert expected == got, \
"[{}] Expected: {}, got: {}".format(msg, expected, got)
class SampleTreeTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Testing functionality of the Tree class
"""
def setUp(self):
"""
Set up the tree to be used throughout the test
This is the tree given in the sample
A(5)
/ \
C(2) D(8)
/
B(10)
"""
self.A = Node(5)
self.tree = Tree(self.A)
self.B = Node(10)
self.C = Node(2)
self.D = Node(8)
self.tree.put(self.A, self.C, True)
self.tree.put(self.A, self.D, False)
self.tree.put(self.C, self.B, True)
def test_construction(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree has been correctly constructed
"""
assert_equal(self.A.is_external(), False, "A is not external")
assert_equal(self.B.is_external(), True, "B is external")
assert_equal(self.C.is_external(), False, "C is not external")
assert_equal(self.D.is_external(), True, "D is external")
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 4, "A has an imbalance of 4")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 10, "C has an imbalance of 10")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 0, "D has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
def test_put(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree puts nodes correctly
"""
E = Node(7)
self.tree.put(self.C, E, False)
"""
A(5)1
/ \
C(2) D(8)
/ \
B(10) E(7)
"""
assert_equal(self.A.is_external(), False, "A is not external")
assert_equal(self.B.is_external(), True, "B is external")
assert_equal(self.C.is_external(), False, "C is not external")
assert_equal(self.D.is_external(), True, "D is external")
assert_equal(E.is_external(), True, "E is external")
assert_equal(self.A.get_imbalance(), 11, "A has an imbalance of 11")
assert_equal(self.C.get_imbalance(), 3, "C has an imbalance of 3")
assert_equal(self.D.get_imbalance(), 0, "D has no imbalance")
assert_equal(self.B.get_imbalance(), 0, "B has no imbalance")
assert_equal(E.get_imbalance(), 0, "E has no imbalance")
def test_find_max_imbalance(self):
"""
Test that the sample tree finds the correct node with the maximum imbalance
"""
assert_equal(self.tree.find_max_imbalance(), 10,
"C has the maximum imbalance with value 10")
测试成功图
nodetest
treetest
树的建立(只是我的版本,你们可以写不同的)
Node.py
#Node class
class Node:
weight: int
imbalance: int
# These are the defined properties as described above
#Initialises the properties of the node.
def __init__(self, weight):
"""
The constructor for the Node class.
:param weight: If no input value.
"""
self.weight = weight
# the subtree total weight
self.sum = weight
self.left_child = None
self.right_child = None
self.parent = None
self.imbalance = 0
#Adds the child node as the left child of the node, does nothing if the node already has a left child.
def add_left_child(self,child_node):
if self.left_child is not None:
return False
else:
self.left_child = child_node
child_node.parent = self
#Runs calculations for updating the imbalance.
self.parent_imbalance()
return True
#Adds the child node as the right child of the node, does nothing if the node already has a right child.
def add_right_child(self,child_node):
if self.right_child is not None:
return False
else:
self.right_child = child_node
child_node.parent = self
# Runs calculations for updating the imbalance.
self.parent_imbalance()
return True
# Checks if the node is a leaf.
def is_external(self):
if self.right_child is None and self.left_child is None:
return True
else:
return False
def get_left_child(self):
return self.left_child
def get_right_child(self):
return self.right_child
def update_weight(self,weight):
self.sum +=(weight-self.weight)
self.weight = weight
self.parent_imbalance()
def get_imbalance(self) -> int:
return self.imbalance
def parent_imbalance(self):
p = self
if p is None:
return
while p.parent is not None:
fun.reimbalance(p)
p = p.parent
fun.reimbalance(p) #root
class fun:
def reimbalance(rot: Node) -> int:
if rot.left_child is None and rot.right_child is None:
rot.imbalance = 0
rot.sum = rot.weight
return rot.sum
if rot.left_child is not None and rot.right_child is None:
#fun.reimbalance(rot.left_child)
rot.imbalance = rot.left_child.sum
rot.sum = rot.weight + rot.left_child.sum
return rot.sum
if rot.left_child is None and rot.right_child is not None:
#fun.reimbalance(rot.right_child)
rot.imbalance = rot.right_child.sum
rot.sum = rot.weight + rot.right_child.sum
return rot.sum
l_sum = fun.reimbalance(rot.left_child)
r_sum = fun.reimbalance(rot.right_child)
rot.sum = l_sum + r_sum + rot.weight
rot.imbalance = abs(l_sum - r_sum)
return rot.sum
Tree.py
from Node import Node
"""
Tree
----------
This class represents the Binary Tree
Each Tree consists of the following properties:
- root: The root of the Tree
The class also supports the following functions:
- put(node, child, left_child): Adds child to the given node as the left or right child depending on the value of left_child
- move_subtree(node_a, node_b, left_child): Move node_a to the left or right child of node_b depending on the value of left_child
- find_max_imbalance(): Finds the node with the maximum imbalance in the tree
"""
class Tree():
# These are the defined properties as described above
root: Node
global m
m = -1
def __init__(self, root: Node = None) -> None:
"""
The constructor for the Tree class.
:param root: The root node of the Tree.
"""
self.root = root
self.m = -1
def put(self, node: Node, child: Node, left_child: bool) -> None:
"""
You are guranteed that the given node is not already part of the tree
:param node: The node to add the child to.
:param child: The child to add to the node.
:param left_child: True if the child should be added to the left child, False otherwise.
"""
if left_child is True:
if node.get_left_child() is None:
node.add_left_child(child)
#node.left_child.update_weight(child.weight)
node.left_child.parent = node
else:
return
else:
if node.get_right_child() is None:
node.add_right_child(child)
#node.right_child.update_weight(child.weight)
node.right_child.parent = node
else:
return
# TODO Add the child to the node as the left or right child depending on the value of left_child
def move_subtree(self, node_a: Node, node_b: Node, left_child: bool) -> None:
"""
Moves the subtree rooted at node_a to the left or right child of node_b depending on the value of left_child.
If node_b already has a child at the indicated position, this function should do nothing
You can safely assume that node_b is not descendent of node_a.
:param node_a: The root of the subtree to move.
:param node_b: The node to add the subtree to.
:param left_child: True if the subtree should be added to the left child, False otherwise.
"""
a = p = node_b
if not node_b.root: #if root == null , directly insert
node_b = node_a
return
elif left_child is True:
if node_b.get_left_child() is None:
node_b.add_left_child(node_a)
node_b.left_child.parent = node_b
a.parent_imbalance()
else:
return
else:
if node_b.get_right_child() is None:
node_b.add_right_child(node_a)
node_b.right_child.parent = node_b
p.parent_imbalance()
else:
return
# TODO Move the subtree rooted at node_a to the left or right child of node_b
def find_max_imbalance(self) -> int:
"""
Finds the node with the maximum imbalance in the tree.
:return: The node with the maximum imbalance.
"""
return c.findmax(self.root)
# TODO Find the node with the maximum imbalance
class c():
def findmax(rot: Node) -> int:
global m
compare = rot.get_imbalance()
m = compare if m < compare else m
if rot.left_child is not None:
left = c.findmax(rot.get_left_child())
m = left if m < left else m
if rot.right_child is not None:
right = c.findmax(rot.get_right_child())
m = right if m < right else m
return m