lambda-stream（filter, limit, skip, distinct, map, flatMap, sorted）

streams的三个步骤

1. 创建stream
2. 中间操作
3. 终止操作（终端操作）

筛选与切片

1. filter—接受Lambda，从流中排出某些元素

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
list.stream().filter(e -> "aaa".equals(e)).forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : aaa aaa 

2. limit—截断流，使其元素不能超过给定数量

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
list.stream().filter(e -> "aaa".equals(e)).limit(1).forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : aaa

3. skip(n)—跳过元素，返回一个扔掉了前n个元素的流，若流中元素不足n个，则返回一个空流，与limit(n)互补

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
list.stream().skip(2).forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : ddd aaa ccc ddd eee 

4. distinct—筛选，通过流所生成元素的hashCode()和equals()去除重复元素

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
list.stream().distinct().forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : bbb aaa ddd ccc eee 

映射

1. map–接受映射Lambda，将元素转换成其他形式或提取信息。接收另一个函数作为参数，该函数会被应用到每个元素上，并将其映射成一个新的元素。

public void mapTest() {
	List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
	list.stream().map(e -> e.toUpperCase()).forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
}
outOut : BBB AAA DDD AAA CCC DDD EEE 

2. flatMap–接收一个函数作为参数，将流中的每个值都换成另一个流，然后把所有的流连接成一个流

@Test
public void mapTest() {
	List<String> list = Arrays.asList("bbb", "aaa", "ddd", "aaa", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
	
	Stream<Stream<Character>> stream = list.stream().limit(2).map(e -> filterCharacter(e));
	System.out.print("map:");
	//返回的stream里的每个值都是流
	stream.forEach(sm -> {
		sm.forEach(e -> {System.out.print(e + " ");});
	});
	System.out.println();
	System.out.print("flarMap:");
	//返回的流直接连接成一个流
	Stream<Character> stream2 = list.stream().limit(2).flatMap(e -> filterCharacter(e));
	stream2.forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
}

public static Stream<Character> filterCharacter(String str) {
	List<Character> list = new ArrayList<>();
	for (Character ch : str.toCharArray()) {
		list.add(ch);
	}
	return list.stream();
}
outPut : map:b b b a a a 
		 flarMap:b b b a a a 

排序

1. sorted()–自然排序

List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(5, 3, 4, 1, 2);
list.stream().sorted().forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : 1 2 3 4 5 

2. sorted(comparator com)–定制排序

List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(5, 3, 4, 1, 2);
list.stream().sorted((x, y) -> y.compareTo(x)).forEach(e -> System.out.print(e + " "));
outPut : 5 4 3 2 1