linux查看磁盘硬件日志,Linux下如何查看硬件信息

系统# uname -a               # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息# head -n 1 /etc/issue   # 查看操作系统版本# cat /proc/cpuinfo      # 查看CPU信息# hostname               # 查看计算机名# lspci -tv              # 列出所有PCI设备# lsusb -tv              # 列出所有USB设备# lsmod                  # 列出加载的内核模块# env                    # 查看环境变量资源# free -m                # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量# df -h                  # 查看各分区使用情况# du -sh         # 查看指定目录的大小# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 查看内存总量# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 查看空闲内存量# uptime                 # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载# cat /proc/loadavg      # 查看系统负载磁盘和分区# mount | column -t      # 查看挂接的分区状态# fdisk -l               # 查看所有分区# swapon -s              # 查看所有交换分区# hdparm -i /dev/hda     # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)# dmesg | grep IDE       # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况网络# ifconfig               # 查看所有网络接口的属性# iptables -L            # 查看防火墙设置# route -n               # 查看路由表# netstat -lntp          # 查看所有监听端口# netstat -antp          # 查看所有已经建立的连接# netstat -s             # 查看网络统计信息进程# ps -ef                 # 查看所有进程# top                    # 实时显示进程状态用户# w                      # 查看活动用户# id             # 查看指定用户信息# last                   # 查看用户登录日志# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd   # 查看系统所有用户# cut -d: -f1 /etc/group    # 查看系统所有组# crontab -l             # 查看当前用户的计划任务服务# chkconfig --list       # 列出所有系统服务# chkconfig --list | grep on    # 列出所有启动的系统服务程序

# rpm -qa                # 查看所有安装的软件包

查看网卡型号

[root@www.ctohome.com]#lspci | grep Ethernet 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection

查看内存和cpu最直接最常用的命令：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# free             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:       3069504     528876    2540628          0      76648     396152-/+ buffers/cache:      56076    3013428Swap:      5124692          0    5124692

[root@www.ctohome.com]# cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor       : 0vendor_id       : GenuineIntelcpu family      : 6model           : 23model name      : Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHzstepping        : 10cpu MHz         : 1596.000cache size      : 2048 KB

查看硬盘信息(查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号)：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda5             2.0G  272M  1.6G  15% //dev/sda8             199G  188M  189G   1% /home/dev/sda3             9.7G  1.3G  7.9G  15% /usr/dev/sda2             9.7G  198M  9.0G   3% /var/dev/sda1              99M   17M   77M  18% /boot 方法1：[root@www.ctohome.com]# hdparm -i /dev/sda/dev/sda: Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ                         , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=      S2B5J90ZC12060 Config={ Fixed } RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16? CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7 * signifies the current active mode

方法2：

[root@www.ctohome.com]#   dmesg | grep ATAata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)Vendor: ATA       Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ   Rev: 1AJ3ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177

[root@www.ctohome.com]#dmidecode|more# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at 0x000E84B0.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS Information        Vendor: Intel Corp.        Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334        Release Date: 06/25/2009

.....

System Information 服务器品牌        Manufacturer:                                         Product Name:              (没有信息表示非品牌或未识别)                           Version:                                         Serial Number:                                         UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8        Wake-up Type: Power Switch        SKU Number: Not Specified        Family: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information 主板型号/主板信息       Manufacturer: Intel Corporation        Product Name: DG43GT        Version: AAE62768-300        Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频        Socket Designation: PROCESSOR        Type: Central Processor        Family: Pentium D        Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.        ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10       Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHz        Voltage: 1.2 V        External Clock: 266 MHz        Max Speed: 4000 MHz        Current Speed: 2931 MHz        Status: Populated, Enabled        Upgrade: Socket LGA775

Cache Information  硬件和CPU缓存情况        Socket Designation: L1-Cache        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1        Operational Mode: Write Back        Location: Internal        Installed Size: 32 kB        Maximum Size: 32 kB

BIOS Language Information  BIOS语言        Installable Languages: 1                en|US|iso8859-1        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存        Location: System Board Or Motherboard        Use: System Memory        Error Correction Type: None       Maximum Capacity: 16 GB        Error Information Handle: Not Provided        Number Of Devices: 4Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytesMemory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存        Starting Address: 0x00000000000        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF       Range Size: 4 GB        Physical Array Handle: 0x002B        Partition Width: 0

On Board Device Information 显卡型号        Type: Video        Status: Enabled      Description:  Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device

如何确定品牌服务器，不受到忽悠(某日我们买了一台dell品牌服务器，如何确定没有被忽悠呢？)：

[root@www.ctohome.com]#dmidecode|more  (如果能看到dell的型号，就可以肯定没错了)

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 27 bytesSystem Information       Manufacturer: Dell Inc.        Product Name: PowerEdge T110        Version: Not Specified        Serial Number: J47RBP1        UUID: 4C4C4544-0034-3710-8052-CAC04F425031        Wake-up Type: Power Switch        SKU Number: Not Specified        Family: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytesBase Board Information       Manufacturer: Dell Inc.        Product Name: 0V52N7        Version: A02        Serial Number: ..CN708210CD0166.        Asset Tag: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0300, DMI type 3, 21 bytesChassis Information       Manufacturer: Dell Inc.        Type: Main Server Chassis        Lock: Present        Version: Not Specified        Serial Number: J47RBP1