Oracle特殊恢复原理与实战_11 ORA-8102 Index Corruption修复

ORA-8102 Index Corruption修复

 

ORA-8102解析

oerr ora 8102 08102, 00000, "index key not found, obj# %s, file %s, block %s (%s)" // *Cause: Internal error: possible inconsistency in index // *Action: Send trace file to your customer support representative, along // with information on reproducing the error # 常见于索引键值与表上存的值不一致，可能是ORACLE的bug，也可能是由于硬件I/0错误所引起！

重现ORA-8102错误环境准备

conn lyj/lyj create table lyj_1000(id int,name varchar2(100)); begin for i in 1 .. 5000 loop insert into lyj_1000 values(i,'lyj'||i); commit; end loop; end; / select user_id,username from dba_users where username='LYJ'; USER_ID USERNAME ---------- ------------------------------ 34 LYJ alter table LYJ_1000 add primary key(id); select CONSTRAINT_NAME from dba_constraints where table_name='LYJ_1000'; CONSTRAINT_NAME ------------------------------ SYS_C003989 conn / as sysdba select dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) file#, dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) block#, dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) row# from con$ where name='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; FILE# BLOCK# ROW# ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 289 12 select /*+ FULL(t1) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3990 select /*+ index(t1 I_CON2) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3990 # 上面这两个值相等的时候，是正常的，创建新索引时，会分别更新上面的两个值

重现ORA-8102错误

bbed BBED> set file 1 block 289 FILE# 1 BLOCK# 289 # 找到12行（* 绝对值） BBED> p *kdbr[12] rowdata[0] ---------- ub1 rowdata[0] @1108 0x2c # 看这行记录的信息 BBED> x /rccnn rowdata[0] @1108 ---------- flag@1108: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH) lock@1109: 0x02 cols@1110: 4 col 0[1] @1111: . col 1[16] @1113: _NEXT_CONSTRAINT col 2[3] @1130: 3990 # # col 3[1] @1134: 0 # 查看offset 1130 BBED> dump /v offset 1130 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 289 Offsets: 1130 to 1161 Dba:0x00400121 ------------------------------------------------------- 03c2285b 01802c00 04018010 5f4e4558 l ..([..,....._NEX 545f434f 4e535452 41494e54 02c22801 l T_CONSTRAINT..(. <16 bytes per line> select dump(3990,16) from dual; DUMP(3990,16) --------------------- Typ=2 Len=3: c2,28,5b select dump(3991,16) from dual; # 改成大一些的值，重现故障 DUMP(3991,16) --------------------- Typ=2 Len=3: c2,28,5c BBED> modify /x 5c offset 1133 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 289 Offsets: 1133 to 1164 Dba:0x00400121 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5c01802c 00040180 105f4e45 58545f43 4f4e5354 5241494e 5402c228 01802c00 BBED> sum apply Check value for File 1, Block 289: current = 0x8edd, required = 0x8edd # 查看修改后状态 BBED> dump /v offset 1130 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 289 Offsets: 1130 to 1161 Dba:0x00400121 ------------------------------------------------------- 03c2285c 01802c00 04018010 5f4e4558 l ..(\..,....._NEX 545f434f 4e535452 41494e54 02c22801 l T_CONSTRAINT..(. BBED> p *kdbr[12] rowdata[0] ---------- ub1 rowdata[0] @1108 0x2c BBED> x /rccnn rowdata[0] @1108 ---------- flag@1108: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH) lock@1109: 0x02 cols@1110: 4 col 0[1] @1111: . col 1[16] @1113: _NEXT_CONSTRAINT col 2[3] @1130: 3991 col 3[1] @1134: 0 # 重启数据库 shutdown immediate startup # 重建索引时出现ORA-08102报错 conn lyj/lyj alter table LYJ_1000 drop primary key; alter table LYJ_1000 add primary key(id); alter table LYJ_1000 add primary key(id) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1 ORA-08102: index key not found, obj# 52, file 1, block 15536 (2)

分析ORA-8102错误

# 查看相关日志 vi alert.log #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thu May 17 16:52:20 2018 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_24252.trc: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_24252.trc #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oer 8102.2 - obj# 52, rdba: 0x00403cb0(afn 1, blk# 15536) # obj# 52 -> bootstrap$ kdk key 8102.2: ncol: 1, len: 4 key: (4): 03 c2 28 5c mask: (4096): 61 01 00 00 00 18 87 97 65 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 60 19 12 0c ..... #============ Plan Table #============ --------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost | Time | --------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 0 | UPDATE STATEMENT | | | | 2 | | | 1 | UPDATE | CON$ | | | | | # 更新CON$时发现不一致 | 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_CON1 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- set line 100 select * from bootstrap$ where obj#=52; LINE# OBJ# ---------- ---------- SQL_TEXT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 52 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX I_CON2 ON CON$(CON#) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K N EXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 52 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 464)) # 这两个值不一样了 select /*+ FULL(t1) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3991 select /*+ index(t1 I_CON2) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3990 # dump afn 1, blk# 15536(新开一个会话) alter system dump datafile 1 block 15536; oradebug setmypid oradebug tracefile_name /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_24374.trc Block header dump: 0x00403cb0 Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x34 csc: 0x00.2240b6 itc: 3 flg: O typ: 2 - INDEX # 索引块 fsl: 0 fnx: 0x403cb1 ver: 0x01 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0001.00b.0000006d 0x00c02131.0014.01 CB-- 0 scn 0x0000.0001b805 0x02 0x0008.009.00000403 0x00c01041.01ee.0c C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0022368f 0x03 0x0005.01f.000003f6 0x00c00cbd.02b6.0c --U- 1 fsc 0x000e.002240b7 Leaf block dump #=============== header address 140264942398068=0x7f91fa10ea74 kdxcolev 0 # 0 叶子块 根块>0 KDXCOLEV Flags = - - - kdxcolok 0 kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y kdxconco 1 kdxcosdc 1 kdxconro 498 kdxcofbo 1032=0x408 kdxcofeo 1184=0x4a0 kdxcoavs 1004 kdxlespl 0 kdxlende 1 kdxlenxt 0=0x0 kdxleprv 4194775=0x4001d7 kdxledsz 6 kdxlebksz 8008 row#0[7996] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6): 00 40 33 e5 00 6f col 0; len 3; (3): c2 23 17 row#1[7984] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6): 00 40 33 e5 00 70 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 23 18 ..... row#497[1196] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6): 00 40 01 21 00 0c col 0; len 3; (3): c2 28 5b # 这个是最后的行 ----- end of leaf block dump ----- End dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk 15536 maxblk 15536 select utl_raw.cast_to_number(replace('c2 28 5b',' ')) from dual; UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_NUMBER(REPLACE('C2285B','')) -------------------------------------------- 3990

解决ORA-8102错误

bbed BBED> set file 1 block 15536 FILE# 1 BLOCK# 15536 # row#497[1196] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6): 00 40 01 21 00 0c # 1196 是相对的偏移量，需要先转到绝对偏移量，ASSM数据块是+100，索引是+124，因为索引的IT槽是3个，计算绝对偏移量公式如下 SQL> select 1196+20+24+24*3+8 from dual; 1196+20+24+24*3+8 ----------------- 1320 BBED> dump /v offset 1320 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 15536 Offsets: 1320 to 1351 Dba:0x00403cb0 ------------------------------------------------------- 03c2285b 00000040 33e7005e 03c22859 l ..([...@3..^..(Y # col 0; len 3; (3): c2 28 5b 01000040 0121000c 03c2285a 00000040 l ...@.!....(Z...@ BBED> modify /x 5c offset 1323 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 15536 Offsets: 1323 to 1354 Dba:0x00403cb0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5c000000 4033e700 5e03c228 59010000 40012100 0c03c228 5a000000 4033e700 <32 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v offset 1320 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1) Block: 15536 Offsets: 1320 to 1351 Dba:0x00403cb0 ------------------------------------------------------- 03c2285c 00000040 33e7005e 03c22859 l ..(\...@3..^..(Y 01000040 0121000c 03c2285a 00000040 l ...@.!....(Z...@ <16 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 1, Block 15536: current = 0x5958, required = 0x5958 # 重启数据库 shutdown immediate startup select /*+ FULL(t1) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3991 select /*+ index(t1 I_CON2) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3991 # 重建索引时恢复正常 conn lyj/lyj alter table LYJ_1000 add primary key(id); conn /as sysdba select /*+ FULL(t1) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3992 select /*+ index(t1 I_CON2) */ owner#,name,con# from con$ t1 WHERE NAME='_NEXT_CONSTRAINT'; OWNER# NAME CON# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 _NEXT_CONSTRAINT 3992

索引块结构解析

B树索引的结构

ROWID

转储B树索引

conn lyj/lyj select uo.object_id idx_object_id, ui.index_name, ui.table_name from user_objects uo,user_indexes ui where uo.object_name=ui.index_name; IDX_OBJECT_ID INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME ------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 18360 SYS_C003991 LYJ_1000 alter session set events 'immediate trace name treedump level 18360'; select VALUE from v$diag_info where NAME='Default Trace File'; vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_27697.trc #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- begin tree dump branch: 0x1400223 20972067 (0: nrow: 10, level: 1) leaf: 0x1400224 20972068 (-1: nrow: 520 rrow: 520) leaf: 0x1400225 20972069 (0: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400226 20972070 (1: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400227 20972071 (2: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400228 20972072 (3: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400229 20972073 (4: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140022a 20972074 (5: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140022b 20972075 (6: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140022c 20972076 (7: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140022d 20972077 (8: nrow: 376 rrow: 376) ----- end tree dump #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

索引块结构

分支块的结构

根块

示例：

select header_file,header_block from dba_segments where segment_name='SYS_C003991'; HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK ----------- ------------ 5 546 # root:546+1=547 alter system dump datafile 5 block 547; select VALUE from v$diag_info where NAME='Default Trace File'; vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_27766.trc #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block header dump: 0x01400223 Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x47b8 csc: 0x00.224881 itc: 1 flg: E typ: 2 - INDEX brn: 0 bdba: 0x1400220 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0xffff.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.00224881 Branch block dump #================= header address 139748680186444=0x7f19c670ba4c kdxcolev 1 KDXCOLEV Flags = - - - kdxcolok 0 kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y kdxconco 1 kdxcosdc 0 kdxconro 9 kdxcofbo 46=0x2e kdxcofeo 7984=0x1f30 kdxcoavs 7938 kdxbrlmc 20972068=0x1400224 # lmc: left most children kdxbrsno 0 kdxbrbksz 8056 kdxbr2urrc 5 row#0[8048] dba: 20972069=0x1400225 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 06 16 row#1[8040] dba: 20972070=0x1400226 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 0b 23 row#2[8032] dba: 20972071=0x1400227 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 10 30 row#3[8024] dba: 20972072=0x1400228 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 15 3d row#4[8016] dba: 20972073=0x1400229 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 1a 4a row#5[8008] dba: 20972074=0x140022a col 0; len 3; (3): c2 1f 57 row#6[8000] dba: 20972075=0x140022b col 0; len 3; (3): c2 24 64 row#7[7992] dba: 20972076=0x140022c col 0; len 3; (3): c2 2a 0d row#8[7984] dba: 20972077=0x140022d col 0; len 3; (3): c2 2f 1a ----- end of branch block dump ----- #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

叶子块

叶子块的结构

转储索引叶子块（非唯一）

转储索引叶子块（唯一）

唯一与非唯一叶子块结构对比

使用DBA转换函数getbfno计算出文件号和块号，转储页对应的叶子块示例如下：

# row#0[8048] dba: 20972069=0x1400225 select getbfno('0x1400225') BFNO from dual; BFNO ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- datafile# is:5 datablock is:549 dump command:alter system dump datafile 5 block 549; select VALUE from v$diag_info where NAME='Default Trace File'; vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_27850.trc #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block header dump: 0x01400225 Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x47b8 csc: 0x00.224881 itc: 2 flg: E typ: 2 - INDEX brn: 0 bdba: 0x1400220 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x02 0xffff.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.00224881 Leaf block dump # =============== header address 140111196736100=0x7f6e2e1c4a64 kdxcolev 0 KDXCOLEV Flags = - - - kdxcolok 0 kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y kdxconco 1 kdxcosdc 0 kdxconro 513 kdxcofbo 1062=0x426 kdxcofeo 1881=0x759 kdxcoavs 819 kdxlespl 0 kdxlende 0 kdxlenxt 20972070=0x1400226 # 下一个块 kdxleprv 20972068=0x1400224 # 上一个块 kdxledsz 6 kdxlebksz 8032 row#0[8020] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6): 01 40 02 14 00 35 col 0; len 3; (3): c2 06 16 ...... #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BBED查看索引跟块和叶子块

# 根块 BBED> set file 5 block 547 FILE# 5 BLOCK# 547 BBED> map /v File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/lyj_01.dbf (5) Block: 547 Dba:0x01400223 ------------------------------------------------------------ KTB Data Block (Index Branch) struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0 ub1 type_kcbh @0 ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 struct ktbbh, 48 bytes @20 ub1 ktbbhtyp @20 union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes @24 struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes @28 sb2 ktbbhict @36 ub1 ktbbhflg @38 ub1 ktbbhfsl @39 ub4 ktbbhfnx @40 struct ktbbhitl[1], 24 bytes @44 struct kdxbr, 24 bytes @76 struct kdxbrxco, 16 bytes @76 ub4 kdxbrlmc @92 sb2 kdxbrsno @96 sb2 kd_off[9] @100 ub1 freespace[7938] @118 ub1 rowdata[72] @8056 ub4 tailchk @8188 # 叶子块 BBED> set file 5 block 549 FILE# 5 BLOCK# 549 BBED> map /v File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/lyj_01.dbf (5) Block: 549 Dba:0x01400225 ------------------------------------------------------------ KTB Data Block (Index Leaf) struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0 ub1 type_kcbh @0 ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20 ub1 ktbbhtyp @20 union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes @24 struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes @28 sb2 ktbbhict @36 ub1 ktbbhflg @38 ub1 ktbbhfsl @39 ub4 ktbbhfnx @40 struct ktbbhitl[2], 48 bytes @44 struct kdxle, 32 bytes @100 struct kdxlexco, 16 bytes @100 sb2 kdxlespl @116 sb2 kdxlende @118 ub4 kdxlenxt @120 ub4 kdxleprv @124 ub1 kdxledsz @128 ub1 kdxleflg @129 sb2 kd_off[513] @132 ub1 freespace[819] @1158 ub1 rowdata[6151] @1977 ub4 tailchk @8188

唯一索引与非唯一索引的本质区别实验

环境准备

conn lyj/lyj drop table t1 purge; drop table t2 purge; create table t1 (id number, name varchar(20)); create table t2 (id number, name varchar(20)); begin for i in 1 .. 5000 loop insert into t1 values(i,'lyj'||i); commit; end loop; end; / begin for i in 1 .. 5000 loop insert into t2 values(i,'lyj'||i); commit; end loop; end; / create index t1_idx on t1(id); create unique index t2_idx on t2(id); alter system flush buffer_cache; select object_id, object_name from user_objects where object_name in ('T1_IDX','T2_IDX'); OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- ------------------------- 18457 T1_IDX 18458 T2_IDX

非唯一索引叶子块结构

# 新开会话，转储非唯一索引 alter session set events 'immediate trace name treedump level 18457'; select VALUE from v$diag_info where NAME='Default Trace File'; #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- begin tree dump branch: 0x140024b 20972107 (0: nrow: 11, level: 1) leaf: 0x140024c 20972108 (-1: nrow: 485 rrow: 485) # 导出此叶子节点 leaf: 0x140024d 20972109 (0: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x140024e 20972110 (1: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x140024f 20972111 (2: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x1400250 20972112 (3: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x1400251 20972113 (4: nrow: 478 rrow: 478) leaf: 0x1400252 20972114 (5: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x1400253 20972115 (6: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x1400254 20972116 (7: nrow: 479 rrow: 479) leaf: 0x1400255 20972117 (8: nrow: 478 rrow: 478) leaf: 0x1400256 20972118 (9: nrow: 206 rrow: 206) ----- end tree dump #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- select getbfno('0x140024c') BFNO from dual; BFNO -------------------------------------------------------------------- datafile# is:5 datablock is:588 dump command:alter system dump datafile 5 block 588; # 新开会话dump上面的块的内容如下 #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block header dump: 0x0140024c Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x4819 csc: 0x00.232721 itc: 2 flg: E typ: 2 - INDEX brn: 0 bdba: 0x1400248 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x02 0xffff.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.00232721 Leaf block dump # =============== header address 139863743519332=0x7f3490bfda64 kdxcolev 0 KDXCOLEV Flags = - - - kdxcolok 0 kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y kdxconco 2 kdxcosdc 0 kdxconro 485 kdxcofbo 1006=0x3ee kdxcofeo 1830=0x726 kdxcoavs 824 kdxlespl 0 kdxlende 0 kdxlenxt 20972109=0x140024d kdxleprv 0=0x0 kdxledsz 0 # Bytes in ROWID data kdxlebksz 8032 row#0[8020] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12 col 0; len 2; (2): c1 02 col 1; len 6; (6): 01 40 00 85 00 00 # ROWID row#1[8008] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12 col 0; len 2; (2): c1 03 col 1; len 6; (6): 01 40 00 85 00 01 # ROWID #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 非唯一索引的叶子节点每行len=12，ROWID值在col 1; len 6; (6)

唯一索引叶子块结构

# 新开会话，转储唯一索引 alter session set events 'immediate trace name treedump level 18458'; select VALUE from v$diag_info where NAME='Default Trace File'; #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- begin tree dump branch: 0x140025b 20972123 (0: nrow: 10, level: 1) leaf: 0x140025c 20972124 (-1: nrow: 520 rrow: 520) # 导出此叶子节点 leaf: 0x140025d 20972125 (0: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140025e 20972126 (1: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x140025f 20972127 (2: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400260 20972128 (3: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400261 20972129 (4: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400262 20972130 (5: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400263 20972131 (6: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400264 20972132 (7: nrow: 513 rrow: 513) leaf: 0x1400265 20972133 (8: nrow: 376 rrow: 376) ----- end tree dump #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- select getbfno('0x140025c') BFNO from dual; BFNO -------------------------------------------------------------------- datafile# is:5 datablock is:604 dump command:alter system dump datafile 5 block 604; # 新开会话dump上面的块的内容如下 #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block header dump: 0x0140025c Object id on Block? Y seg/obj: 0x481a csc: 0x00.23272d itc: 2 flg: E typ: 2 - INDEX brn: 0 bdba: 0x1400258 ver: 0x01 opc: 0 inc: 0 exflg: 0 Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc 0x01 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000 0x02 0xffff.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0023272d Leaf block dump #=============== header address 140346102651492=0x7fa4df981a64 kdxcolev 0 KDXCOLEV Flags = - - - kdxcolok 0 kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y kdxconco 1 kdxcosdc 0 kdxconro 520 kdxcofbo 1076=0x434 kdxcofeo 1896=0x768 kdxcoavs 820 kdxlespl 0 kdxlende 0 kdxlenxt 20972125=0x140025d kdxleprv 0=0x0 kdxledsz 6 # Bytes in ROWID data kdxlebksz 8032 row#0[8021] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=11, data:(6): 01 40 02 3d 00 00 <- ROWID DATA col 0; len 2; (2): c1 02 row#1[8010] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=11, data:(6): 01 40 02 3d 00 01 <- ROWID DATA col 0; len 2; (2): c1 03 #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 非唯一索引的叶子节点每行len=11，ROWID值在data:(6)

可见唯一索引与非唯一索引的本质区别就是ROWID所在的位置，唯一索引比非唯一索引的结构少ROWID Length Byte

表空间管理中的ASSM与MSSM的区别

MSSM—Manual Segment Space Management 手动段空间管理（手动设置对象的存储属性）

这种管理方式就是使用freelist管理数据块的分配和回收，是一种只针对数据块分配的管理方式，这种方式可以让DBA有更大的空间管理余地，更大自由发挥空间，在早期的Oracle上都是通过这种方式管理块分配的。

场景： 对于一些数据块操作非常敏感的场合相对适用
参数： MSSM-由你设置freelists、freelistgroups、pctused、pctfree、initrans等参数来控制如何分配、使用段中的空间

缺点：

1. 需要设置更多的参数，例如上面所写的参数，操作复杂度更强
2. 参数设置值比较难评估，需要大量的测试过程
3. 需要了解数据库体系结构的DBA设置

注意：
freelist空闲列表是放在段头里面的，如果有多个用户同时访问列表势必会引发段头争用，导致“buffer busy waits”等待事件发生，建议多设几个freelist，防止争用。

ASSM—Automatic SegmentSpace Management 自动段空间管理（自动设置对象的存储属性）

这种管理方式就是使用“位图bitmap”管理数据块的分配和回收，1为占用块不可分配，0为空闲块可分配，由于计算机就是由二进制编码的，所以操作二进制代码是非常快捷的。现在Oracle 10g 11g 默认值都是ASSM段空间管理方式。

场景： 希望数据块由Oracle自动分配管理的场合，不需要DBA介入太多

参数： ASSM-你只需控制一个参数pctfree，其他参数由Oracle自动管理，如果强行设置也将被忽略。

三层位图模式管理段空间：
第一层BMB（bit map block）记录每个extent中数据块的存储信息，只管理当前的extent内块，放在extent头中，这是leaf节点
第二层BMB管理第一层BMB记录，这是branch节点
第三层BMB管理第二层BMB记录，放在段头中，这是root节点

ASSM段头包含了每个Extent存储信息，Extent区头包含BMB信息

优点：

1. 自动化管理段空间，无需手动设置大量参数，简化了操作
2. 增大并发度，由于ASSM没有freelist概念，也就没有freelist列表争用情况，也就没有段头争用的情况，提高资源利用率。

缺点：
1.全表扫描性能没有MSSM模式下好
2.大数据加载，会导致性能下降，因为要自动维护位图表，需要一定的开销
3.影响索引的集群因子（clusteringfactor）