集合:一个无序,可变,不允许数据重复的容器(集合的元素只能是 int、bool、str、tuple 。)
字典:一个无序,可变,且元素必须是键值对,键不重复的容器
集合
1.可变,可以添加和删除元素
data = {"哈喽","再见","拜拜"}
#添加元素
data.add("垃圾")
#删除元素
data.discard("哈喽")
2.交集,并集,差集的计算
s1 = {"王祖贤","林志玲","林允儿","金泫雅"}
s2 = {"林允儿","李若彤","张曼玉"}
#交集
s3 = s1.intersection(s2)
print(s3) #{"林允儿"}
#并集
s4 = s1.union(s2)
print(s4) #{"王祖贤","林志玲","林允儿","金泫雅","李若彤","张曼玉"}
#差集
s5 = s1.difference(s2) # s1中有但s2中没有的值
s6 = s2.difference(s1) # s2中有但s1中没有的值
s3 = s1 - s2 # 差集,s1中有且s2中没有的值
s5 = s2 - s1 # 差集,s2中有且s1中没有的值
3.转换(其他类型如果想要转换为集合类型,可以通过set进行转换,并且如果数据有重复自动剔除。提示:int/list/tuple/dict都可以转换为集合。)
#字符串转集合
v1 = "林允儿"
v2 = set(v1)
print(v2) #{"林","允","儿"}
#元组转集合
v1 = (11,22,3,11)
v2 = set(v1)
print(v2) # {11,22,3}
#列表转集合
v1 = [11,22,33,11,3,99,22]
v2 = set(v1)
print(v2) # {11,22,33,3,99}
#去重的一种方法
data = {11,22,33,3,99}
v1 = list(data) # [11,22,33,3,99]
v2 = tuple(data) # (11,22,33,3,99)
字典(在Python3.6+字典就是有序了,之前的字典都是无序)
1.获取值
info = {
"age":12,
"status":True,
"name":"林允儿",
"data":None
}
data1 = info.get("name")
print(data1) # 输出:林允儿
data2 = info.get("age")
print(data2) # 输出:12
data = info.get("email") # 键不存在,默认返回 None
"""
if data == None:
print("此键不存在")
else:
print(data)
if data:
print(data)
else:
print("键不存在")
"""
"""
# 字典的键中是否存在 email
if "email" in info:
data = info.get("email")
print(data)
else:
print("不存在")
"""
data = info.get("hobby",123)
print(data) # 输出:123
2.所有的键
info = {"age":12, "status":True, "name":"peiqi","email":"xx@live.com"}
data = info.keys()
print(data) # 输出:dict_keys(['age', 'status', 'name', 'email']) py2 -> ['age', 'status', 'name', 'email']
result = list(data)
print(result) # ['age', 'status', 'name', 'email']
3.所有的值
info = {"age":12, "status":True, "name":"peiqi","email":"xx@live.com"}
data = info.values()
print(data) # 输出:dict_values([12, True, 'wupeiqi', 'xx@live.com'])
4.所有的键值
info = {"age":12, "status":True, "name":"peiqi","email":"xx@live.com"}
data = info.items()
print(data)
# 输出 dict_items([('age', 12), ('status', True), ('name', 'peiqi'), ('email', 'xx@live.com')])
for item in info.items():
print(item[0],item[1])
# item是一个元组 (键,值)
('age', 12)
('status', True)
('name', 'peiqi')
('email', 'xx@live.com')
for key,value in info.items():
print(key,value)
# key代表键,value代表值,将兼职从元组中直接拆分出来了。
age 12
status True
name peiqi
email xx@live.com