k8s集群监控 cadvisor/exporter+prometheus+grafana

k8s监控处理

1.cadvisor/exporter+prometheus+grafana 安装

1.1 配置nfs安装

ubuntu:
    nfs 服务器
    apt-get install nfs-kernel-server 
   
    # 创建一个/data/pvdata的共享目录
    mkdir /data/pvdata
    
    centos:
     chown nfsnobody:nfsnobody /data/pvdata
    ubuntu:
     chown chown nobody:nogroup /data/pvdata
     
    vim /etc/exports 
    #ip填写自己所支持IP范围
     /data/pvdata xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24(rw,async,all_squash)
    
     exportfs -rv
     #显示 exporting xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24:/data/pvdata
    
    #需要在prometheus服务所在的节点安装
    #nfs 客户端
    apt-get update
    apt-get install nfs-common
    
    在其他节点上测试nfs是否可用，挂载命令:
    mkdir /kubernetes
    mount nfs服务器的ip:/data/pvdata /kubernetes

1.2 prometheus配置

mkdir /data/k8s/yaml/kube-system/prometheus
cd /data/k8s/yaml/kube-system/prometheus/

# 从github官网下载yaml部署文件
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/prometheus-rbac.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/prometheus-configmap.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/prometheus-service.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/prometheus-statefulset.yaml

1.2.1 修改prometheus-statefulset.yaml

# 删掉最下面的10行

    volumeClaimTemplates:
     - metadata:
         name: prometheus-data
       spec:
         storageClassName: standard
         accessModes:
           - ReadWriteOnce
         resources:
           requests:
             storage: "16Gi"
         
# 新增下面3行(使用自己指定的nfs作为存储)
           - name: prometheus-data
             persistentVolumeClaim:  
               claimName: prometheus-data

1.2.2 新增pv/pvc 修改yaml文件

#创建普罗米修斯数据存储位置
mkdir /data/pvdata/prometheus
#注意 ubuntu 系统需要换成nobody
chown nfsnobody. /data/pvdata/prometheus

cat > prometheus-pvc-data.yaml << EFO
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: prometheus-data
spec:
  storageClassName: prometheus-data
  capacity: 
    storage: 10Gi  
  accessModes: 
    - ReadWriteOnce  
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle 
  nfs:
    path: /data/pvdata/prometheus
    server: nfs-server-ip

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: prometheus-data
  namespace: kube-system  
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce 
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi 
  storageClassName: prometheus-data
EFO

1.2.3 修改Nodeport与prometheus镜像版本

#修改prometheus-service.yaml
  type: NodePort
  
#修改prometheus-statefulset.yaml 
#注意prometheus的配置,默认的cpu、mem配置支持10个节点30个pod
prometheus 镜像版本更改最新的v2.13.0
添加 args: --storage.tsdb.retention.time=指定数据保存时长

1.2.4 开始安装配置prometheus

# 应用yaml文件
kubectl apply -f prometheus-rbac.yaml 
kubectl apply -f prometheus-configmap.yaml 
kubectl apply -f prometheus-pvc-data.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-statefulset.yaml

#查看是否安装成功
kubectl get pods -n kube-system |grep prometheus

#获取所在prometheus所在的节点 NODE 信息
kubectl get pods -n kube-system  -o wide |grep prometheus

#获取prometheus的NODEPort
kubectl get service -n kube-system
prometheus           NodePort    xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx   <none>        9090:32809/TCP           5d20h
 访问prometheus服务 NodeIP+Nodeport(32809)

1.3 安装node-exporter

#下载node-exporter的yaml文件
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/node-exporter-ds.yml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/node-exporter-service.yaml

#应用node-exporter
kubectl apply -f node-exporter-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f node-exporter-ds.yml 

1.4 部署kube-state-metrics

#下载yaml文件
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/kube-state-metrics-service.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml

#应用yaml文件
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml

1.5 部署grafana

1.5.1 创建数据存储目录

mkdir /data/pvdata/prometheus-grafana
ubuntu:
  chown nobody. /data/pvdata/prometheus-grafana
centos:
  chown nfsnobody. /data/pvdata/prometheus-grafana

1.5.2 创建grafana的pvc

cat > grafana-pvc.yaml << EFO
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: prometheus-grafana
spec:
  storageClassName: prometheus-grafana
  capacity: 
    storage: 1Gi  
  accessModes: 
    - ReadWriteOnce  
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle 
  nfs:
    path: /data/pvdata/prometheus-grafana
    server: nfs服务ip

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: prometheus-grafana
  namespace: kube-system  
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce 
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi 
  storageClassName: prometheus-grafana
EFO

1.5.3 grafana-deploment.yaml

#该服务使用的cpu和内存可跟所需配置

cat > grafana-deployment.yaml << EFO
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
spec:
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: prometheus
    spec:
     #nodeSelector:
     #  kubernetes.io/hostname: 可设置指定部署到的节点
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        env:
        - name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER
          value: admin
        - name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD
          value: admin
        image: grafana/grafana:6.4.3  
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          name: grafana
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 10
          httpGet:
            path: /api/health
            port: 3000
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 30
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /api/health
            port: 3000
            scheme: HTTP
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 256Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 256Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
          subPath: grafana
          name: grafana-volumes
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-volumes
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: prometheus-grafana
          
---
# ------------------- APP Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: grafana
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  #type: ClusterIP
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
EFO      

1.5.4 部署文件并查看服务的ip和端口

kubectl apply -f grafana-pvc.yaml
kubectl apply -f grafana-deployment.yaml

#查看服务和端口
kubectl get service -n kube-system
prometheus           NodePort    xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx    <none>        9090:31920/TCP           3d23h

kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide 

获取到grafana所在的node上，拿到nodeip+上面获得的端口(31920)即可访问grafana服务。

– 登陆用户名默认admin，admin。登陆之后需要配置数据源，数据源选择prometheus，填写prometheus服务的ip和端口。然后在datasource 那一栏设置。
导入入dashboard可以选择模版10000，就可以看数据监控页面了

1.6 k8s报警系统

1.6.1 下载所需alertmanager yaml文件

#建议与prometheus放到一个服务器上，避免出现需要安装nfs客户端的错误。
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/alertmanager-pvc.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/alertmanager-service.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/alertmanager-deployment.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/cluster/addons/prometheus/alertmanager-configmap.yaml

1.6.2 创建保存报警信息的文件夹

mkdir /data/pvdata/prometheus-alertmanager
chown nfsnobody. /data/pvdata/prometheus-alertmanager

1.6.3 创建alertmanager-pvc.yaml

cat > alertmanager-pvc.yaml  << EFO
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: prometheus-alertmanager
spec:
  storageClassName: prometheus-alertmanager
  capacity: 
    storage: 1Gi  
  accessModes: 
    - ReadWriteOnce  
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle 
  nfs:
    path: /data/pvdata/prometheus-alertmanager
    server: 搭建的nfs服务ip

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: prometheus-alertmanager
  namespace: kube-system  
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce 
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi 
  storageClassName: prometheus-alertmanager
EFO

1.6.4 修改alertmanger-deploment.yaml

# 修改最后一行的claimName,更改自己创建的volume
        - name: storage-volume
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: prometheus-alertmanager
            ```
#### 1.6.5 修改alertmanger-service.yaml
```shell
#修改spec中的type 为NodePort,方便根据节点ip和随机映射的端口访问该服务。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "Alertmanager"
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9093
  selector:
    k8s-app: alertmanager
  type: NodePort

1.6.6 部署alertmanger

kubectl apply -f alertmanager-pvc.yaml
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-configmap.yaml
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-deployment.yaml

1.6.7 创建告警规则

kubectl edit configmaps prometheus-config -n kube-system 

// 在prometheus.yml: |下面添加
    global:
    #抓取数据间隔
      scrape_interval: 5s
    #评估告警时间间隔
      evaluation_interval: 5s
      
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets: ["alertmanger服务的ip和监听的端口"]
    rule_files:
    - "/etc/config/rules.yml"
    
    
// 创建告警规则, 在最下面添加
  rules.yml: |
    groups:
    - name: monitor
      rules:
      - alert: InstanceDown
        expr: up == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          team: kube-system
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."

//  重载配置文件
curl -X POST http://prometheus的节点ip:端口/-/reload

1.6.8 创建邮件告警

# 修改alertmanager-configmap.yaml文件
cat > alertmanager-configmap.yaml  << EFO
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-config
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  alertmanager.yml: |
    global:
      resolve_timeout: 3m #解析的超时时间
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
      smtp_from: 'USERNAMR@163.com'
      smtp_auth_username: 'USERNAMR@163.com'
      smtp_auth_password: 'PASSWORD'
      smtp_require_tls: false 
    
    route:
      group_by: ['example']
      group_wait: 60s
      group_interval: 60s
      repeat_interval: 12h
      receiver: 'webhook'
    
    receivers:
    - name: 'webhook'
      webhook_configs:
      #填写web_hook_url
      - url: 'web_hook_url'
        #是否在告警消除时发送回执消息
        send_resolved: false
      email_configs:
      - to: 'xxxx@qq.com'
        send_resolved: false
EFO

kubectl delete configmaps -n kube-system alertmanager-config 
kubectl apply  -f alertmanager-configmap.yaml 

参考 ：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/e76053b6f3f5