python函数调用类属性_python – 调用保存在类属性中的函数：内置函数与普通函数的不同行为...

Both time.gmtime and tmp are functions that take a single argument, so why do the two scripts behave differently?

让我们了解Python的作用

self.func

When an instance attribute is referenced that isn’t a data attribute, its class is searched. If the name denotes a valid class attribute that is a function object, a method object is created by packing (pointers to) the instance object and the function object just found together in an abstract object: this is the method object. When the method object is called with an argument list, a new argument list is constructed from the instance object and the argument list, and the function object is called with this new argument list.

因此,如果func是self中的有效函数对象,那么将创建一个绑定方法对象,该对象期望第一个参数成为调用此函数的对象.

我们现在比较,

print type(time.gmtime)

class Foo(object):

func = time.gmtime

def go(self):

print type(self.func)

return self.func(0.0)

当用Foo().go()调用go时,它将打印出来

那就对了.由于time.gmtime是内置函数(与函数对象不同),因此此处没有创建绑定方法对象.让我们现在尝试你的第二个例子,

def tmp(stamp):

return time.gmtime(stamp)

print type(tmp), tmp

class Foo(object):

func = tmp

def go(self):

print type(self.func), self.func

return self.func(0.0)

会打印

>

由于tmp是一个函数对象,根据上面显示的文档,创建了一个绑定的方法对象,它期望一个Object of Foo成为第一个参数.所以,tmp实际上是以Foo作为实例方法绑定的.当你调用像Foo().go()时,它会在内部调用tmp

Foo.func(self, 0.0)

这是有效的

tmp(self, 0.0)

这就是您收到以下错误的原因

TypeError: tmp() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)

How can I safely save an ordinary function in a class/instance attribute and call it later from an instance method?

解决方案1：

It is also important to note that user-defined functions which are attributes of a class instance are not converted to bound methods; this only happens when the function is an attribute of the class.

这意味着,当您将用户定义的函数分配给类变量时,将发生绑定的方法构造.但是,如果将其分配给实例,则不会发生.

所以,你可以利用这个优势,就像这样

import time

def tmp(stamp):

return time.gmtime(stamp)

class Foo(object):

def __init__(self):

self.func = tmp # Instance variable, not a class variable

def go(self):

return self.func(0.0)

print time.strftime('%Y', Foo().go())

这里,self.func将转换为tmp(0.0),因为没有绑定方法构造发生.

解决方案2：

class Foo(object):

func = staticmethod(tmp)

def go(self):

# `return Foo.func(0.0)` This will also work

return self.func(0.0)

现在,self.func仍然会引用tmp.它类似于像这样定义你的类

class Foo(object):

@staticmethod

def func(stamp):

return time.gmtime(stamp)

def go(self):

# `return Foo.func(0.0)` This will also work

return self.func(0.0)