Inefficient SQL statements read more blocks than necessary. If there are many sessions running these statements, they will attempt to read the same blocks and possibly wait on this event.
If the FREELISTS parameter for a table is too low, multiple sessions that are attempting to insert rows in the same table and end up waiting for freelists. This problem shows up as contention for the segment header of the table.
Multiple sessions are attempting to change an index block (possibly do to an insert).
The INITRANS parameters is too low for a segment. Any DML operation that needs to go into the block needs to lock an Interested Transaction List (ITL). If INITRANS parameter is set too low, then there will be less number of ITLs allocated originally. Oracle can only allocate more ITLs if there is space in PCTFREE area of the block. If, however, there is no space to increase the ITL, the transactions that cannot lock ITLs will have to wait until the previous transactions have completed operations on the block. The waiter will register 'buffer busy wait' for the block.
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