磁盘分区

磁盘分区

Fdisk工具

介绍:应用于硬盘空间小于等于2TB。（大于2TB使用：）

添加一个新硬盘

[root@www ~]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  0 Nov 25 21:06 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  1 Nov 25 21:06 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  2 Nov 25 21:06 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Nov 25 21:06 /dev/sdb			-----> 新添加的硬盘

开始分区：

[root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb			 # 开始给新硬盘进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94829cba.

Command (m for help): p			# 打印硬盘状态  

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x94829cba

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System		# 分区表（新硬盘没有信息）

Command (m for help): n		# 开始分区
Partition type:		选择分区类型
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)   主分区
   e   extended									扩展分区
Select (default p): p			主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1           #1  （最多可以分4个主分区，从第一个开始分区）
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 	# 扇区 默认 （从起始位置开始分区，默认就可以）
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G	# 2G分区 （无法计算扇区的数值，可以直接输入容量单位）
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p				# 检查一下分区表，看分区是否产生

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x94829cba

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux	------> 分区产生了

Command (m for help): n		# 继续分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e		# 创建扩展分区
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2  # 分第二个分区
First sector (4196352-41943039, default 4196352): # 起始扇区默认 （系统会自动从上一个分区末尾开始计算）
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-41943039, default 41943039): # 结束扇区默认表示到整个扇区结束 （这样操作就是为了把整个扇区都用到，否则剩下的就不能用了）
Using default value 41943039
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 18 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p		# 检查分区表状态

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x94829cba

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352    41943039    18873344    5  Extended	----->扩展分区

Command (m for help): n		# 创建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)	----->逻辑分区
Select (default p): l	# 选逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4198400-41943039, default 4198400): # 默认是从5开始 （1-4编号都是给主分区的，5开始是逻辑分区的）
Using default value 4198400
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4198400-41943039, default 41943039): +1G  # 设置分区1G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p		# 查看分区表

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x94829cba

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352    41943039    18873344    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5         4198400     6295551     1048576   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w		# 保存分区
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


让内核刷新一下分区表      让内核知道有了新的分区出现了
[root@www ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb				#    kpartx -a /dev/sdb

[root@www ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb				# 查看分区状态
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x94829cba

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352    41943039    18873344    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5         4198400     6295551     1048576   83  Linux

设置文件系统

[root@www ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1	# 设置xfs文件系统 指定第一个分区sdb1 （centos7开始默认是xfs文件系统）
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

挂载分区

[root@www ~]# mkdir /sdb1  			 # 创建任意名字的文件夹作为挂载点
[root@www ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1		# 挂载分区
[root@www ~]# cd /sdb1
[root@www sdb1]# ls
[root@www sdb1]# touch haha
[root@www sdb1]# mkdir /s1				# 再次创建一个挂载点，进行挂载操作
[root@www sdb1]# mount /dev/sdb1 /s1		
[root@www sdb1]# cd /s1
[root@www s1]# ls								# ，查看结果表明是访问的同一个分区 
haha

检查挂载情况

[root@www s1]# mount |grep /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1 on /sdb1 type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/sdb1 on /s1 type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)

自动挂载

设置自动挂载
这样重启也不怕了

[root@www s1]#  vi /etc/fstab		# 设置自动挂载
UUID=0ced8e0d-af50-4d45-bc37-9bb0e13d43a7       xfs     defaults        0 0

查看磁盘的uuid

[root@www s1]#  blkid /dev/sdb1    # blkid 加设备的名字，可以查询到设备的uuid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="efb3e845-7a39-4c28-aaef-4c6b096f1d73" TYPE="xfs"

卸载分区：

[root@www s1]# umount /dev/sdb1	# 卸载分区
umount: /s1: target is busy.			# 当前在s1属于挂载点，所以无法卸载分区
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use		
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@www s1]# cd ..				# 退出挂载点
[root@www /]# umount /sdb1		# 卸载挂载点
[root@www /]# cd s1
[root@www s1]# ls			
haha
[root@www s1]# cd
[root@www ~]# umount /s1		# 卸载另一个挂载点
[root@www ~]# cd /s1				
[root@www s1]# ls						# 卸载掉了，没有数据了
[root@www s1]# 

Parted 分区工具

[root@www ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)