SD卡mmcblk0: unknown partition table问题

表现：

1、插入SD卡时提示mmcblk0: unknown partition table

2、dev下只有mmcblk0，没有mmcblk0p1

3、偶尔识别了，并挂载了，ls查看会提示如图所示错误

        

 

解决办法：采用fdisk格式化SD卡，创建分区

在PC上，sudo fdisk -l看SD卡对应的分区，比如8G的卡会显示，对应的即为sdb

执行

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

输入m会出现命令类表，简洁而强大

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

输入p查看当前sd卡的分区(partition)信息

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *        2048     1048576      523264+   c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2         1048577    15523839     7237631+  83  Linux

其中，需要记住的是他的容量7948206080 bytes之后会用到。
同时也留意他的heads和setcors/track

删除分区

---

输入d删除(delete)所有sd卡分区。因为有2个分区，需要删除2次

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2

建立扇区

---

如果SD卡不是255 heads, 63 sectors/track，按照以下步骤建立扇区

输入x进入扩展命令列表

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): 

输入m显示扩展命令列表

Command action
   b   move beginning of data in a partition
   c   change number of cylinders
   d   print the raw data in the partition table
   e   list extended partitions
   f   fix partition order
   g   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   h   change number of heads
   i   change the disk identifier
   m   print this menu
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   r   return to main menu
   s   change number of sectors/track
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit

输入h设置heads = 255

Expert command (m for help): h
Number of heads (1-256, default 245): 255

输入s设置sectors/track = 63

Expert command (m for help): s
Number of sectors (1-63, default 62): 63

输入c设置cylinder = 966

Expert command (m for help): c
Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 1021): 966

cylinder计算方法

cylinder = SD卡容量(bytes) / heads / sectors / 512(bytes)
cylinder = 7948206080 / 255 /63 / 512 = 966.3 = 966 

输入r返回(return)普通命令

Expert command (m for help): r

Command (m for help):

输入p再次查看当前sd卡的分区信息。
此时你会看到heads, sectors/track, cylinder都已经更新了

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 966 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

建立分区

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输入n新建(new)一个分区

输入p选择新建一个主分区

输入1创建分区1

输入分区1的‘First sector’和‘Last sector’

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-15523839, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15523839, default 15523839): 
Using default value 15523839

输入t改变分区系统ID，
一般windows的用，则输入分区类型码cFAT32，
而linux的为默认的分区类型码83EXT3

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): c
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))

输入a激活分区的bootable标志

Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-4): 1

输入w将建立完成对分区表写入sd卡，并退出

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.

格式化分区

重新运行sudo fdisk -l

会发现对应的是sdb1，进行格式化操作：

sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1

至此，SD卡又可以重新正常被使用了~