cookie

cookie是一种存储在客户端的、体积较小的信息，由服务器通过HTTP响应报文发送的。cookie的设计本意是要克服HTTP的无状态。cookie基本可以分类为会话cookie和持久cookie。
Go语言里面Cookie结构表示：

type Cookie struct {
    Name  string
    Value string

    Path       string    // optional
    Domain     string    // optional
    Expires    time.Time // optional
    RawExpires string    // for reading cookies only

    // MaxAge=0 means no 'Max-Age' attribute specified.
    // MaxAge<0 means delete cookie now, equivalently 'Max-Age: 0'
    // MaxAge>0 means Max-Age attribute present and given in seconds
    MaxAge   int
    Secure   bool
    HttpOnly bool
    Raw      string
    Unparsed []string // Raw text of unparsed attribute-value pairs
}

没有设置Expires字段的cookie通话称为回话cookie或临时cookie，这种cookie在浏览器关闭时自动移除。设置Expires字段的cookie称为持久cookie。Expires和MaxAge都可以设置cookie过期时间，MaxAge是指创建后存活多少秒，Expires是指什么时候过期。为让浏览器正常运行，只使用Expires或Expires和MaxAge共同使用。
发送，获取cookie：

//发送cookie
func setCo(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    c1 := http.Cookie{
        Name:     "first_cookie",
        Value:    "z",
        HttpOnly: true,
    }
    c2 := http.Cookie{
        Name:     "second_cookie",
        Value:    "zb",
        HttpOnly: true,
    }
    w.Header().Set("Set-Cookie", c1.String())
    w.Header().Add("Set-Cookie", c2.String())
}
//快捷方法
func fastSC(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    c1 := http.Cookie{
        Name:     "first_cookie",
        Value:    "z",
        HttpOnly: true,
    }
    c2 := http.Cookie{
        Name:     "second_cookie",
        Value:    "zb",
        HttpOnly: true,
    }
    http.SetCookie(w, &c1)
    http.SetCookie(w, &c2)
}
//获取cookie，返回值是字符串分片
func getCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    h := r.Header["Cookie"]
    fmt.Fprintln(w, h)
}

//快捷方法，c是cookie对象，cs是[]*Cookie
func fastGC(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    c, err := r.Cookie("first_cookie")
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    cs := r.Cookies()
    fmt.Fprintln(w, cs)
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/cookie", setCo)
    http.HandleFunc("/getcookie", fastGC)
    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8080", nil)
}

对消息使用Base64URL编码：
若cookie的值包含空格、百分号等特殊字符，需要进行编码。通常都需要编码。

func setMessage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    msg := []byte(`你 好 +++ === ---  \\\\ ！`)

    cookie := http.Cookie{
        Name:  "hi",
        Value: base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(msg),
    }
    http.SetCookie(w, &cookie)
}

func showMseeage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    c, err := r.Cookie("hi")
    if err != nil {
        if err == http.ErrNoCookie {
            fmt.Fprintln(w, "no cookie")
        }
    } else {
        rc := http.Cookie{
            Name:    "hi",
            MaxAge:  -1,
            Expires: time.Unix(1, 0),
        }
        http.SetCookie(w, &rc)
        val, _ := base64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(c.Value)
        fmt.Fprintln(w, string(val))
    }
}

func main()  {
    http.HandleFunc("/setc", setMessage)
    http.HandleFunc("/showc", showMseeage)
    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8080", nil)
}