mysql import_使用命令行工具mysqlimport导入数据

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-26 16:52:31 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42511373/article/details/113150012

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Usage: mysqlimport [OPTIONS] database textfile ...

mysqlimport 程序是一个将以特定格式存放的文本数据(如通过“select * into OUTFILE from ...”所生成的数据文件)导入到指定的MySQL Server 中的工具程序，比如将一个标准的csv 文件导入到某指定数据库的指定表中。mysqlimport 工具实际上也只是“load data infile”命令的一个包装实现。

默认从以下路径中文件读取默认参数

/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

1、常用选项：

--fields-terminated-by=字符串：设置字符串为字段之间的分隔符，可以为单个或多个字符。默认值为制表符“\t”。

-L, --local：表示从客户端任意路径读取文件导入表中，未设置该选项时，默认只从datadir下同名数据库目录下读取文件导入

--ignore-lines=n：表示可以忽略前n行。

-l, --lock-tables：写入时锁定所有表

-p, --password[=name]：指定用户密码

-u, --user=name：指定登入MySQL用户名

-h, --host=name：指定远程连接的服务器

-c, --columns=name：往表里导入指定字段，如：--columns='Name,Age,Gender'

-C, --compress：在客户端和服务器之间启用压缩传递所有信息

其它可用选项和默认参数设置可以使用mysqlimport -help查询

2、用法示例：

例1：基本用法

mysql> create table classes3 likeclasses;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.07sec)[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes3.sql --fields-terminated-by="|"

hellodb.classes3: Records:10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * fromclasses3;+---------+----------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

+---------+----------------+----------+

| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |

| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |

| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |

| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |

| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

+---------+----------------+----------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例2：指定--local选项，可以从本机任意路径导入数据

mysql> create tableclasses2 likeclasses;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.14sec):[root@www tmp]# cp classes2.sql /tmp[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb /tmp/classes2.sql

hellodb.classes2: Records:10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * fromclasses2;+---------+----------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

+---------+----------------+----------+

| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |

| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |

| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |

| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |

| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

+---------+----------------+----------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例3：未指定--local选项，无法从my.cnf中定义的其它路径中往表里导入数据

mysql> delete fromclasses2;

Query OK,10 rows affected (0.01sec)[root@www ~]# head /tmp/classes2.sql -n 3

1 ShaolinPai 10

2 EmeiPai 7

3 QingChengPai 11

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u root hellodb/tmp/classes2.sql

mysqlimport: Error:29, File '/tmp/classes2.sql'not found (Errcode: 13), when using table: classes2

例4：未指定--local选项，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入表中，必须指定绝对路径。

mysql> delete fromstudents1;

Query OK,27 rows affected (2.60sec)[root@www tmp]# sed 's/\t/\|/g'students.sql>students1.sql[root@www tmp]# head -n 2students1.sql1|Shi Zhongyu|22|M|2|3

2|Shi Potian|22|M|1|7

[root@www tmp]# cd[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

mysqlimport: Error:13, Can't get stat of'/var/lib/mysql/hellodb/students1.sql'(Errcode: 2), when using table:students1

未设置--local选项时，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb /var/lib/mysql/tmp/students1.sql--fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records:27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

例5：数据库存放表目录下同名文件导入表中，只需指定文件名

mysql> delete fromstudents1;

Query OK,27 rows affected (0.47sec)[root@www ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/

[root@www hellodb]# cp ../tmp/students1.sql.

将数据移到hellodb目录下，成功导入数据[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records:27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

--fields-terminated="|"：指定字段分隔符

mysql> select * from students1 limit5,3;+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |

| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |

| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |

+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例6：忽略前5行数据导入表中

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes2.sql --ignore-lines=5

hellodb.classes2: Records:5 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

--ignore-lines=n：指定忽略前n行

mysql> select * fromclasses2;+---------+--------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

+---------+--------------+----------+

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27|

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

+---------+--------------+----------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例7：往非空表中导入数据

[root@www hellodb]# >students1.sql[root@www hellodb]# vim students1.sql[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records:6 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

[root@www hellodb]# more students1.sql|Meng Qi D|17|M|2|3

|SuoLong|22|M|1|7

|Xiang Kesi|43|M|2|16

|KaiDuo|52|M|4|4

|JoBa|12|M|3|1

|Nami|18|F|4|1

[root@www hellodb]#

mysql> select * from students1 limit27,6;+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| 28 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | 2 | 3 |

| 29 | SuoLong | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |

| 30 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | 2 | 16 |

| 31 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | 4 | 4 |

| 32 | JoBa | 12 | M | 3 | 1 |

| 33 | Nami | 18 | F | 4 | 1 |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

6 rows in set (0.17sec)

mysql> select count(*) fromstudents1 ;+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

| 33 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.03 sec)

数据会追加在表后

例8、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段

mysql> drop tablestudents1;

Query OK,0 rows affected (2.89sec)

mysql> create tablestudents1 likestudents;

Query OK,0 rows affected (1.57sec)[root@test mysql]# more /tmp/students1.sql

Meng Qi D|17|M

SuoLong|22|M

Xiang Kesi|43|M

KaiDuo|52|M

JoBa|12|M|Nami|18|F|Luo Bing|25|F

Wu Suopu|20|M[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,Age,Gender'

hellodb.students1: Records:8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

--columns='Name,Age,Gender'：指定导入那些字段

-h 192.168.88.131：指定远程登录主机名

mysql> select * fromstudents1;+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 2 | SuoLong | 22 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 4 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 5 | JoBa | 12 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 6 | Nami | 18 | F | NULL | NULL |

| 7 | Luo Bing | 25 | F | NULL | NULL |

| 8 | Wu Suopu | 20 | M | NULL | NULL |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

例9、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段，采用压缩传递数据的形式

mysql> drop tablestudents1;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.75sec)

mysql> create tablestudents1 likestudents;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.66sec)[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local -C --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,ClassID,Gender'

hellodb.students1: Records:8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

-C：指定压缩方式传递数据

mysql> select * fromstudents1;+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | Meng Qi D | 0 | M | 17 | NULL |

| 2 | SuoLong | 0 | M | 22 | NULL |

| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 0 | M | 43 | NULL |

| 4 | KaiDuo | 0 | M | 52 | NULL |

| 5 | JoBa | 0 | M | 12 | NULL |

| 6 | Nami | 0 | F | 18 | NULL |

| 7 | Luo Bing | 0 | F | 25 | NULL |

| 8 | Wu Suopu | 0 | M | 20 | NULL |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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mysql import_使用命令行工具mysqlimport导入数据

Usage: mysqlimport [OPTIONS] database textfile ...mysqlimport 程序是一个将以特定格式存放的文本数据(如通过“select * into OUTFILE from ...”所生成的数据文件)导入到指定的MySQL Server 中的工具程序，比如将一个标准的csv 文件导入到某指定数据库的指定表中。mysqlimport 工具实际上也只是...
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