linux cname,iOS-DNS解析之cname

验证方式

终端验证：

nslookup www.microsoft.com

Server: 192.168.1.1

Address: 192.168.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:

www.microsoft.com canonical name = www.microsoft.com-c-3.edgekey.net.

www.microsoft.com-c-3.edgekey.net canonical name = www.microsoft.com-c-3.edgekey.net.globalredir.akadns.net.

www.microsoft.com-c-3.edgekey.net.globalredir.akadns.net canonical name = e13678.ca.s.tl88.net.

Name: e13678.ca.s.tl88.net

Address: 27.148.139.88

最初的cname 获取方案

只能获取其中一个

#import

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSString *host = @"www.microsoft.com";

struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL;

int rc;

memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));

hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;

hints.ai_family = AF_INET;

hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_IP|IPPROTO_TCP;

rc = getaddrinfo([host UTF8String], NULL, &hints, &res);

if (rc != 0) {

return -1;

}

struct sockaddr_in sin;

memcpy(&sin, (res->ai_addr), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

printf("%s \n", res->ai_next);

printf("%s \n", res->ai_canonname);

return 0;

}

问题： 结构体 addrinfo 中 ai_next 一直为空，暂时不明白是什么原因？

解决方案一

该方案在手机网络环境下无法正常获取cname

局限于PC端或者wifi网络

#include //printf

#include //strlen

#include //malloc

#include //you know what this is for

#include //inet_addr , inet_ntoa , ntohs etc

#include

#include //getpid

//List of DNS Servers registered on the system

char dns_servers[10][100];

int dns_server_count = 0;

//Types of DNS resource records :)

#define T_A 1 //Ipv4 address

#define T_NS 2 //Nameserver

#define T_CNAME 5 // canonical name

#define T_SOA 6 /* start of authority zone */

#define T_PTR 12 /* domain name pointer */

#define T_MX 15 //Mail server

//Function Prototypes

void ngethostbyname(unsigned char*, int);

void ChangetoDnsNameFormat(unsigned char*, unsigned char*);

unsigned char* ReadName(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, int*);

void get_dns_servers(void);

//DNS header structure

struct DNS_HEADER {

unsigned short id; // identification number

unsigned char rd :1; // recursion desired

unsigned char tc :1; // truncated message

unsigned char aa :1; // authoritive answer

unsigned char opcode :4; // purpose of message

unsigned char qr :1; // query/response flag

unsigned char rcode :4; // response code

unsigned char cd :1; // checking disabled

unsigned char ad :1; // authenticated data

unsigned char z :1; // its z! reserved

unsigned char ra :1; // recursion available

unsigned short q_count; // number of question entries

unsigned short ans_count; // number of answer entries

unsigned short auth_count; // number of authority entries

unsigned short add_count; // number of resource entries

};

//Constant sized fields of query structure

struct QUESTION {

unsigned short qtype;

unsigned short qclass;

};

//Constant sized fields of the resource record structure

#pragma pack(push, 1)

struct R_DATA {

unsigned short type;

unsigned short _class;

unsigned int ttl;

unsigned short data_len;

};

#pragma pack(pop)

//Pointers to resource record contents

struct RES_RECORD {

unsigned char *name;

struct R_DATA *resource;

unsigned char *rdata;

};

//Structure of a Query

typedef struct {

unsigned char *name;

struct QUESTION *ques;

} QUERY;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

unsigned char hostname[100];

do {

//Get the DNS servers from the resolv.conf file

get_dns_servers();

//Get the hostname from the terminal

printf("Enter Hostname to Lookup : ");

scanf("%s", hostname);

//Now get the ip of this hostname , A record

ngethostbyname(hostname, T_A);

} while (hostname != EOF);

return 0;

}

/*

* Perform a DNS query by sending a packet

* */

void ngethostbyname(unsigned char *host, int query_type) {

unsigned char buf[65536], *qname, *reader;

int i, j, stop, s;

struct sockaddr_in a;

struct RES_RECORD answers[20], auth[20], addit[20]; //the replies from the DNS server

struct sockaddr_in dest;

struct DNS_HEADER *dns = NULL;

struct QUESTION *qinfo = NULL;

printf("Resolving %s", host);

s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); //UDP packet for DNS queries

dest.sin_family = AF_INET;

dest.sin_port = htons(53);

dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(dns_servers[0]); //dns servers

//Set the DNS structure to standard queries

dns = (struct DNS_HEADER *) &buf;

dns->id = (unsigned short) htons(getpid());

dns->qr = 0; //This is a query

dns->opcode = 0; //This is a standard query

dns->aa = 0; //Not Authoritative

dns->tc = 0; //This message is not truncated

dns->rd = 1; //Recursion Desired

dns->ra = 0; //Recursion not available! hey we dont have it (lol)

dns->z = 0;

dns->ad = 0;

dns->cd = 0;

dns->rcode = 0;

dns->q_count = htons(1); //we have only 1 question

dns->ans_count = 0;

dns->auth_count = 0;

dns->add_count = 0;

//point to the query portion

qname = (unsigned char*) &buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER)];

ChangetoDnsNameFormat(qname, host);

qinfo = (struct QUESTION*) &buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER)

+ (strlen((const char*) qname) + 1)]; //fill it

qinfo->qtype = htons(query_type); //type of the query , A , MX , CNAME , NS etc

qinfo->qclass = htons(1); //its internet (lol)

printf("\nSending Packet...");

if (sendto(s, (char*) buf,

sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const char*) qname) + 1)

+ sizeof(struct QUESTION), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &dest,

sizeof(dest)) < 0) {

perror("sendto failed");

}

printf("Done");

//Receive the answer

i = sizeof dest;

printf("\nReceiving answer...");

if (recvfrom(s, (char*) buf, 65536, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &dest,

(socklen_t*) &i) < 0) {

perror("recvfrom failed");

}

printf("Done");

dns = (struct DNS_HEADER*) buf;

//move ahead of the dns header and the query field

reader = &buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const char*) qname) + 1)

+ sizeof(struct QUESTION)];

printf("\nThe response contains : ");

printf("\n %d Questions.", ntohs(dns->q_count));

printf("\n %d Answers.", ntohs(dns->ans_count));

printf("\n %d Authoritative Servers.", ntohs(dns->auth_count));

printf("\n %d Additional records.\n\n", ntohs(dns->add_count));

//Start reading answers

stop = 0;

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->ans_count); i++) {

answers[i].name = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader = reader + stop;

answers[i].resource = (struct R_DATA*) (reader);

reader = reader + sizeof(struct R_DATA);

if (ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == 1) //if its an ipv4 address

{

answers[i].rdata = (unsigned char*) malloc(

ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len));

for (j = 0; j < ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len); j++) {

answers[i].rdata[j] = reader[j];

}

answers[i].rdata[ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len)] = '\0';

reader = reader + ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len);

} else {

answers[i].rdata = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader = reader + stop;

}

}

//read authorities

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->auth_count); i++) {

auth[i].name = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader += stop;

auth[i].resource = (struct R_DATA*) (reader);

reader += sizeof(struct R_DATA);

auth[i].rdata = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader += stop;

}

//read additional

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->add_count); i++) {

addit[i].name = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader += stop;

addit[i].resource = (struct R_DATA*) (reader);

reader += sizeof(struct R_DATA);

if (ntohs(addit[i].resource->type) == 1) {

addit[i].rdata = (unsigned char*) malloc(

ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len));

for (j = 0; j < ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len); j++)

addit[i].rdata[j] = reader[j];

addit[i].rdata[ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len)] = '\0';

reader += ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len);

} else {

addit[i].rdata = ReadName(reader, buf, &stop);

reader += stop;

}

}

//print answers

printf("\nAnswer Records : %d \n", ntohs(dns->ans_count));

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->ans_count); i++) {

printf("Name : %s ", answers[i].name);

if (ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == T_A) //IPv4 address

{

long *p;

p = (long*) answers[i].rdata;

a.sin_addr.s_addr = (*p); //working without ntohl

printf("has IPv4 address : %s", inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));

}

if (ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == 5) {

//Canonical name for an alias

printf("has alias name : %s", answers[i].rdata);

}

printf("\n");

}

//print authorities

printf("\nAuthoritive Records : %d \n", ntohs(dns->auth_count));

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->auth_count); i++) {

printf("Name : %s ", auth[i].name);

if (ntohs(auth[i].resource->type) == 2) {

printf("has nameserver : %s", auth[i].rdata);

}

printf("\n");

}

//print additional resource records

printf("\nAdditional Records : %d \n", ntohs(dns->add_count));

for (i = 0; i < ntohs(dns->add_count); i++) {

printf("Name : %s ", addit[i].name);

if (ntohs(addit[i].resource->type) == 1) {

long *p;

p = (long*) addit[i].rdata;

a.sin_addr.s_addr = (*p);

printf("has IPv4 address : %s", inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));

}

printf("\n");

}

return;

}

/*

*

* */

u_char* ReadName(unsigned char* reader, unsigned char* buffer, int* count) {

unsigned char *name;

unsigned int p = 0, jumped = 0, offset;

int i, j;

*count = 1;

name = (unsigned char*) malloc(256);

name[0] = '\0';

//read the names in 3www6google3com format

while (*reader != 0) {

if (*reader >= 192) {

offset = (*reader) * 256 + *(reader + 1) - 49152; //49152 = 11000000 00000000 ;)

reader = buffer + offset - 1;

jumped = 1; //we have jumped to another location so counting wont go up!

} else {

name[p++] = *reader;

}

reader = reader + 1;

if (jumped == 0) {

*count = *count + 1; //if we havent jumped to another location then we can count up

}

}

name[p] = '\0'; //string complete

if (jumped == 1) {

*count = *count + 1; //number of steps we actually moved forward in the packet

}

//now convert 3www6google3com0 to www.google.com

for (i = 0; i < (int) strlen((const char*) name); i++) {

p = name[i];

for (j = 0; j < (int) p; j++) {

name[i] = name[i + 1];

i = i + 1;

}

name[i] = '.';

}

name[i - 1] = '\0'; //remove the last dot

return name;

}

/*

* Get the DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf file on Linux

* */

void get_dns_servers() {

FILE *fp;

char line[200], *p;

if ((fp = fopen("/etc/resolv.conf", "r")) == NULL) {

printf("Failed opening /etc/resolv.conf file \n");

}

while (fgets(line, 200, fp)) {

if (line[0] == '#') {

continue;

}

if (strncmp(line, "nameserver", 10) == 0) {

p = strtok(line, " ");

p = strtok(NULL, " ");

//p now is the dns ip :)

//????

}

}

strcpy(dns_servers[0], "208.67.222.222");

strcpy(dns_servers[1], "208.67.220.220");

}

/*

* This will convert www.google.com to 3www6google3com

* got it :)

* */

void ChangetoDnsNameFormat(unsigned char* dns, unsigned char* host) {

int lock = 0, i;

strcat((char*) host, ".");

for (i = 0; i < strlen((char*) host); i++) {

if (host[i] == '.') {

*dns++ = i - lock;

for (; lock < i; lock++) {

*dns++ = host[lock];

}

lock++; //or lock=i+1;

}

}

*dns++ = '\0';

}

解决方案二, 最终解决方案

该方案解析成功几率比较高(90%以上)，失败情况忽略

因为涉及到网络，开启线程避免延时

#import "DNS.h"

#include

@implementation DNS

+ (void)getCNames:(NSString *)host action:(void(^)(NSArray* cnames))action {

if (host == nil || host.length == 0) {

action(@[]);

}

NSMutableArray *cNames = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:20];

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

struct hostent * remoteHost;

remoteHost = [self getHostByName:[host UTF8String]];

if (remoteHost != NULL) {

//追加域名的所有aliases

if (remoteHost->h_aliases != NULL) {

int count = 1;

while (remoteHost->h_aliases[count] != NULL && *(remoteHost->h_aliases) != NULL) {

[cNames addObject:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:remoteHost->h_aliases[count]]];

count++;

}

}

if (remoteHost->h_name != NULL){

[cNames addObject:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:remoteHost->h_name]];

}

}

action(cNames);

});

}

+ (struct hostent*)getHostByName:(const char *)hostName {

__block struct hostent *phost = NULL;

dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);

NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];

[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{

phost = gethostbyname(hostName);

dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);

}];

// 设置超时时间2秒

dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2*NSEC_PER_SEC));

[queue cancelAllOperations];

return phost;

}

@end