通常我们会有这样的需求,即停止一个线程。在java的api中有stop、suspend等方法可以达到目的,但由于这些方法在使用上存在不安全性,会带来不好的副作用,不建议被使用。具体原因可以参考Why is Thread.stop deprecated。
在本文中,将讨论中断在java中的使用。
中断在java中主要有3个方法,interrupt(),isInterrupted()和interrupted()。
interrupt(),在一个线程中调用另一个线程的interrupt()方法,即会向那个线程发出信号——线程中断状态已被设置。至于那个线程何去何从,由具体的代码实现决定。
isInterrupted(),用来判断当前线程的中断状态(true or false)。
interrupted()是个Thread的static方法,用来恢复中断状态,名字起得额🙄。
接下来,看看具体在代码中如何使用。
interrupt()不能中断在运行中的线程,它只能改变中断状态而已。
public class InterruptionInJava implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread testThread = new Thread(new InterruptionInJava(),"InterruptionInJava");
//start thread
testThread.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
//interrupt thread
testThread.interrupt();
System.out.println("main end");
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){
System.out.println("Yes,I am interruted,but I am still running");
}else{
System.out.println("not yet interrupted");
}
}
}
}
结果显示,被中断后,仍旧运行,不停打印Yes,I am interruted,but I am still running
那么,如何正确中断?
既然是只能修改中断状态,那么我们应该针对中断状态做些什么。
public class InterruptionInJava implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread testThread = new Thread(new InterruptionInJava(),"InterruptionInJava");
//start thread
testThread.start();
// Thread.sleep(1000);
//interrupt thread
testThread.interrupt();
System.out.println("main end");
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){
System.out.println("Yes,I am interruted,but I am still running");
return;
}else{
System.out.println("not yet interrupted");
}
}
}
}
修改代码,在状态判断中如上,添加一个return就okay了。但现实中,我们可能需要做的更通用,不禁又要发出天问,如何中断线程?答案是添加一个开关。
public class InterruptionInJava implements Runnable{
private volatile static boolean on = false;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread testThread = new Thread(new InterruptionInJava(),"InterruptionInJava");
//start thread
testThread.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
InterruptionInJava.on = true;
System.out.println("main end");
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!on){
if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){
System.out.println("Yes,I am interruted,but I am still running");
}else{
System.out.println("not yet interrupted");
}
}
}
}
会输出类似结果,这表明是成功中断了的:
这种开关的方式看起来包治百病,但是当遇到线程阻塞时,就会很无奈了,正如下面代码所示:
public class InterruptionInJava implements Runnable{
private volatile static boolean on = false;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread testThread = new Thread(new InterruptionInJava(),"InterruptionInJava");
//start thread
testThread.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
InterruptionInJava.on = true;
System.out.println("main end");
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!on){
try {
Thread.sleep(10000000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("caught exception: "+e);
}
}
}
}
线程被阻塞无法被中断。这时候救世主interrupt函数又回来了,它可以迅速中断被阻塞的线程,抛出一个InterruptedException,把线程从阻塞状态中解救出来,show the code。
public class InterruptionInJava implements Runnable{
private volatile static boolean on = false;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread testThread = new Thread(new InterruptionInJava(),"InterruptionInJava");
//start thread
testThread.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
InterruptionInJava.on = true;
testThread.interrupt();
System.out.println("main end");
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!on){
try {
Thread.sleep(10000000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("caught exception right now: "+e);
}
}
}
}
结果截图,达到预期。
这种情形同样适用io阻塞,通常io阻塞会立即抛出一个SocketException,类似于上面说的InterruptedException。