which的用法总结c语言,which的用法总结

关于“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：

The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.

=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

一、基本构成

1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。

(1)The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

(2)The city in which she lives is far away.

(3)The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many cartoons.

注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：

(1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.

(2)The city(which/that)she lives in is far away.

注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。

This is the pen that / which you are looking for.

The patient whom she is looking after is her father.

The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.

There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.

二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中

when=表时间的介词(如：in，at,during等)+which；

Where=表地点的介词(如：in，at,on,under等)+which；

Why=表原因的介词(如：for)+which

(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。

I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)

(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。

This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)

(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)

三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)

1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。

I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)

2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。

This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)

3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。

This is my pair of glasses, __without which__I cannot see clearly.

例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示

1. Do you like the book __________ she learned a lot?

2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.

3. The tower _________ people can have a good view is on the hill.

注意：

介词+关系代词

1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

更多追问追答

追问

感谢以上的回答，那么by which time，in which time，on which time这种怎么用啊？

追答

关于介词的选择要根据句子中介词短语所表达的意思来确定。by表示到某个时间为止，In和on在表示时间时的区别你是知道的。

追问

by which time仅用于完成时吗

追答

可以这么说，截止到什么时候，都是完成时。