linux 添加新盘,Linux添加新盘扩容空间

添加磁盘扩容操作：

1、添加物理磁盘到服务器重启服务器，#fdisk -l查看识别磁盘(以/dev/sdb为例)

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0006a7c5

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             287        5222    39640064   83  Linux

disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 gb, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2、添加分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition     (删除分区)

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition    (新建分区)

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table       (显示分区信息)

q   quit without saving changes     (不保存退出)

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit   (保存退出)

x   extra functionality (experts only)

#用"n"新建分区选择"p"主分区，在这里可以新建三个主分区剩下的可以建成扩展分区 选择“e”扩展分区

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended                 (扩展分区)

p   primary partition (1-4)  (主分区)

1

Invalid partition number for type `1'

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p                                 (p为新建主分区)

Partition number (1-4): 1         (主分区号)

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G   (给主分区分配2G空间)

Command (m for help): p            (打印出配置的分区信息)

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux        (已经分配好的分区)

一般是先建三个主分区再有需求在建剩下空间的扩展分区

新建三个主分区和两个扩展分区并且保存退出

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2             263         524     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb3             525         786     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4             787        2610    14651280    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5             787         918     1060258+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6             919        1050     1060258+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

3、使分区生效

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe    (强制让内核重新找一次分区表)

4、查看新建分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2             263         524     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb3             525         786     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4             787        2610    14651280    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5             787         918     1060258+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6             919        1050     1060258+  83  Linux

5、格式化分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

17 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7744 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb3

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6   (剩下的分区都格式化)

6、新建挂载目录并且挂载到系统上

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb2

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb3

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb5

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb6

[root@localhost ~]# ls /sdb

sdb1  sdb2  sdb3  sdb5  sdb6

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /sdb/sdb2

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /sdb/sdb3

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /sdb/sdb5

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /sdb/sdb6

7、修改配置文件设置开机自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Fri Oct 14 22:27:19 2016

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=bd82cad1-2b0a-4984-9846-06e690b1fdad /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

UUID=6d8f8e24-7849-4ad9-af35-7e8fb71eb7ec /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2

UUID=dc268ee4-ba91-471f-9acf-94d0a2658083 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb1               /sdb/sdb1               ext3    defaults        0 0   (新添加挂载选项)

/dev/sdb2               /sdb/sdb2               ext3    defaults        0 0   (defaults都是00)

/dev/sdb3               /sdb/sdb3               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb5               /sdb/sdb5               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb6               /sdb/sdb6               ext3    defaults        0 0

8、重启服务器生效，并查看分区结果

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT

Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3      ext3    38G  7.7G   28G  22% /

tmpfs          tmpfs  495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1      ext3   194M   30M  155M  17% /boot

/dev/sdb1      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb1

/dev/sdb2      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb2

/dev/sdb3      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb3

/dev/sdb5      ext3  1020M   34M  935M   4% /sdb/sdb5

/dev/sdb6      ext3  1020M   34M  935M   4% /sdb/sdb6

扩容成功。

备注：1、这是在虚拟机上自己实验操作的，所以一块盘的空间20G在真正的工作环境中扩充的盘都是几百G甚至好几个T的；

2、Linux上还有一个伸缩性更好的为服务器扩容的方法即LVM，更灵活操作也很简单。