JPA是一种发布使用Java规范的库。因此,它支持所有的面向对象的概念实体,持久性。到现在为止,我们已经完成了对象关系映射的基本知识。本章将完成对象和关系单位之间的高级映射。
继承策略
继承是任何面向对象语言的核心理念,因此我们可以用实体之间的继承关系和策略。JPA支持三种类型的继承策略:SINGLE_TABLE,JOINED_TABLE和TABLE_PER_CONCRETE_CLASS。
让我们考虑一个例子。下图显示了三个等级,即Staff, TeachingStaff, and NonTeachingStaff和他们之间的关系。
在上面的图中,员工是一个实体,而TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff是工作人员的子实体。在这里,我们将使用上面的例子来演示继承的全部三个策略。
单一表策略
单表策略采取所有类的字段(包括超级亚类),并将它们映射成称为SINGLE_TABLE策略一个表。这里的鉴别值起着区分在一个表中三个实体的值的关键作用。
让我们考虑上面的例子。TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff是Staff的子类。按照继承的概念,一个子类继承其超类中的属性。因此sid和sname属于TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff 字段。创建JPA项目。在这个项目中的所有模块,如下所示:
创建实体
创建一个名为“src”(源)在“com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity'包下。创建一个名为Staff.java新的Java类。工作人员实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjava.io.Serializable;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorColumn;importjavax.persistence.Entity;importjavax.persistence.GeneratedValue;importjavax.persistence.GenerationType;importjavax.persistence.Id;importjavax.persistence.Inheritance;importjavax.persistence.InheritanceType;importjavax.persistence.Table;@Entity@Table@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)@DiscriminatorColumn(name="type")publicclassStaffimplementsSerializable{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)privateintsid;privateStringsname;publicStaff(intsid,Stringsname){super();this.sid=sid;this.sname=sname;}publicStaff(){super();}publicintgetSid(){returnsid;}publicvoidsetSid(intsid){this.sid=sid;}publicStringgetSname(){returnsname;}publicvoidsetSname(Stringsname){this.sname=sname;}}
在上面的代码@DescriminatorColumn指定字段名称(类型)和它的值显示剩余(Teaching和NonTeachingStaff)字段。
创建Staff类的一个子类叫TeachingStaff.java在com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity包下。TeachingStaff 实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@Entity@DiscriminatorValue(value="TS")publicclassTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringqualification;privateStringsubjectexpertise;publicTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringqualification,Stringsubjectexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.qualification=qualification;this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}publicTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetQualification(){returnqualification;}publicvoidsetQualification(Stringqualification){this.qualification=qualification;}publicStringgetSubjectexpertise(){returnsubjectexpertise;}publicvoidsetSubjectexpertise(Stringsubjectexpertise){this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}}
创建Staff 的一个子类(类)类叫NonTeachingStaff.java 在 com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity 包下。NonTeachingStaff实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@Entity@DiscriminatorValue(value="NS")publicclassNonTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringareaexpertise;publicNonTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringareaexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}publicNonTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetAreaexpertise(){returnareaexpertise;}publicvoidsetAreaexpertise(Stringareaexpertise){this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}}
Persistence.xml
persistence.xml中包含数据库的配置信息和实体类的注册信息。 XML文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.Staffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff
服务类
服务类业务组件的实现部分。创建com.yiibai.eclipselink.service“包在'src”下。
创建一个给定的包下名为SaveClient.java用来存储Staff,TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff类字段类。SaveClient类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.service;importjavax.persistence.EntityManager;importjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;importjavax.persistence.Persistence;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaff;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff;publicclassSaveClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){EntityManagerFactoryemfactory=Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Eclipselink_JPA");EntityManagerentitymanager=emfactory.createEntityManager();entitymanager.getTransaction().begin();//Teaching staff entityTeachingStaffts1=newTeachingStaff(1,"Gopal","MSc MEd","Maths");TeachingStaffts2=newTeachingStaff(2,"Manisha","BSc BEd","English");//Non-Teaching Staff entityNonTeachingStaffnts1=newNonTeachingStaff(3,"Satish","Accounts");NonTeachingStaffnts2=newNonTeachingStaff(4,"Krishna","Office Admin");//storing all entitiesentitymanager.persist(ts1);entitymanager.persist(ts2);entitymanager.persist(nts1);entitymanager.persist(nts2);entitymanager.getTransaction().commit();entitymanager.close();emfactory.close();}}
编译并执行上述程序后,Eclipse IDE的控制台面板上会得到通知。检查MySQL工作台的输出。以表格格式的输出如下所示:
Sid
Type
Sname
Areaexpertise
Qualification
Subjectexpertise
1
TS
Gopal
MSC MED
Maths
2
TS
Manisha
BSC BED
English
3
NS
Satish
Accounts
4
NS
Krishna
Office Admin
最后,会得到一个包含所有三个类字段鉴别列命名类型(字段)一个表。
注册策略表
连接表的策略是共享引用的列包含唯一值的加入表并进行便捷事务。让我们考虑与上述相同的例子。
创建JPA项目。所有工程的模块如下所示。
创建实体
在“src”下创建一个名为 com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity' 的包。创建一个名为Staff.java新的Java类。Staff 实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjava.io.Serializable;importjavax.persistence.Entity;importjavax.persistence.GeneratedValue;importjavax.persistence.GenerationType;importjavax.persistence.Id;importjavax.persistence.Inheritance;importjavax.persistence.InheritanceType;importjavax.persistence.Table;@Entity@Table@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED)publicclassStaffimplementsSerializable{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)privateintsid;privateStringsname;publicStaff(intsid,Stringsname){super();this.sid=sid;this.sname=sname;}publicStaff(){super();}publicintgetSid(){returnsid;}publicvoidsetSid(intsid){this.sid=sid;}publicStringgetSname(){returnsname;}publicvoidsetSname(Stringsname){this.sname=sname;}}
创建Staff类的一个子类叫TeachingStaff.java在com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity包下。TeachingStaff 实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@Entity@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(referencedColumnName="sid")publicclassTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringqualification;privateStringsubjectexpertise;publicTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringqualification,Stringsubjectexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.qualification=qualification;this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}publicTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetQualification(){returnqualification;}publicvoidsetQualification(Stringqualification){this.qualification=qualification;}publicStringgetSubjectexpertise(){returnsubjectexpertise;}publicvoidsetSubjectexpertise(Stringsubjectexpertise){this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}}
创建Staff的一个子类(类)类叫NonTeachingStaff.java在com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity包下。NonTeachingStaff实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@Entity@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(referencedColumnName="sid")publicclassNonTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringareaexpertise;publicNonTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringareaexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}publicNonTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetAreaexpertise(){returnareaexpertise;}publicvoidsetAreaexpertise(Stringareaexpertise){this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}}
Persistence.xml
persistence.xml文件包含数据库的配置信息和实体类的注册信息。 XML文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.Staffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff
服务类
服务类业务组件的实现部分。在src下创建一个包com.yiibai.eclipselink.service“。
创建一个名为SaveClient.java给定的包来存储Staff ,TeachingStaff,NonTeachingStaff类来存储字段。然后SaveClient类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.service;importjavax.persistence.EntityManager;importjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;importjavax.persistence.Persistence;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaff;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff;publicclassSaveClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){EntityManagerFactoryemfactory=Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Eclipselink_JPA");EntityManagerentitymanager=emfactory.createEntityManager();entitymanager.getTransaction().begin();//Teaching staff entityTeachingStaffts1=newTeachingStaff(1,"Gopal","MSc MEd","Maths");TeachingStaffts2=newTeachingStaff(2,"Manisha","BSc BEd","English");//Non-Teaching Staff entityNonTeachingStaffnts1=newNonTeachingStaff(3,"Satish","Accounts");NonTeachingStaffnts2=newNonTeachingStaff(4,"Krishna","Office Admin");//storing all entitiesentitymanager.persist(ts1);entitymanager.persist(ts2);entitymanager.persist(nts1);entitymanager.persist(nts2);entitymanager.getTransaction().commit();entitymanager.close();emfactory.close();}}
编译和执行上述程序后,在Eclipse IDE的控制台面板得到通知。对于输出,检查MySQL工作台。
在这里,将创建三个表和工作人员表的结果显示在表格格式。
Sid
Dtype
Sname
1
TeachingStaff
Gopal
2
TeachingStaff
Manisha
3
NonTeachingStaff
Satish
4
NonTeachingStaff
Krishna
TeachingStaff表的结果显示如下:
Sid
Qualification
Subjectexpertise
1
MSC MED
Maths
2
BSC BED
English
在上表中的sid是外键(参考字段工作人员表单表)NonTeachingStaff 表的结果显示如下:
Sid
Areaexpertise
3
Accounts
4
Office Admin
最后,使用各自字段中创建三个表和SID字段由所有三个表共享。在员工表中,SID是主键。在剩下的两个表(TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff),SID是外键。
每个类表策略
表每个类策略是创建一个表中为每个子实体。 Staff表将被创建,但它会包含空值。Staff 表的字段值必须同时由TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff表共享。
让我们考虑与上述相同的例子。
创建实体
在src下创建一个名为“com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity'的包。创建一个名为Staff.java为一个新的Java类。Staff实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjava.io.Serializable;importjavax.persistence.Entity;importjavax.persistence.GeneratedValue;importjavax.persistence.GenerationType;importjavax.persistence.Id;importjavax.persistence.Inheritance;importjavax.persistence.InheritanceType;importjavax.persistence.Table;@Entity@Table@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)publicclassStaffimplementsSerializable{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)privateintsid;privateStringsname;publicStaff(intsid,Stringsname){super();this.sid=sid;this.sname=sname;}publicStaff(){super();}publicintgetSid(){returnsid;}publicvoidsetSid(intsid){this.sid=sid;}publicStringgetSname(){returnsname;}publicvoidsetSname(Stringsname){this.sname=sname;}}
创建Staff类的一个子类叫TeachingStaff.java 在com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity包下。该TeachingStaff实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@EntitypublicclassTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringqualification;privateStringsubjectexpertise;publicTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringqualification,Stringsubjectexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.qualification=qualification;this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}publicTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetQualification(){returnqualification;}publicvoidsetQualification(Stringqualification){this.qualification=qualification;}publicStringgetSubjectexpertise(){returnsubjectexpertise;}publicvoidsetSubjectexpertise(Stringsubjectexpertise){this.subjectexpertise=subjectexpertise;}}
创建Staff 的一个子类(类)类叫NonTeachingStaff.java在com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity包下。NonTeachingStaff实体类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity;importjavax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;importjavax.persistence.Entity;@EntitypublicclassNonTeachingStaffextendsStaff{privateStringareaexpertise;publicNonTeachingStaff(intsid,Stringsname,Stringareaexpertise){super(sid,sname);this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}publicNonTeachingStaff(){super();}publicStringgetAreaexpertise(){returnareaexpertise;}publicvoidsetAreaexpertise(Stringareaexpertise){this.areaexpertise=areaexpertise;}}
Persistence.xml
persistence.xml文件中包含的实体类的数据库和注册信息的配置信息。 XML文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>com.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.Staffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaffcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff
服务类
服务类业务组件的实现部分。在src下创建一个包com.yiibai.eclipselink.service“。
创建一个给定的包下名为SaveClient.java用来存储Staff,TeachingStaff和NonTeachingStaff 类字段类。该SaveClient类如下所示:
packagecom.yiibai.eclipselink.service;importjavax.persistence.EntityManager;importjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;importjavax.persistence.Persistence;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.NonTeachingStaff;importcom.yiibai.eclipselink.entity.TeachingStaff;publicclassSaveClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){EntityManagerFactoryemfactory=Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Eclipselink_JPA");EntityManagerentitymanager=emfactory.createEntityManager();entitymanager.getTransaction().begin();//Teaching staff entityTeachingStaffts1=newTeachingStaff(1,"Gopal","MSc MEd","Maths");TeachingStaffts2=newTeachingStaff(2,"Manisha","BSc BEd","English");//Non-Teaching Staff entityNonTeachingStaffnts1=newNonTeachingStaff(3,"Satish","Accounts");NonTeachingStaffnts2=newNonTeachingStaff(4,"Krishna","Office Admin");//storing all entitiesentitymanager.persist(ts1);entitymanager.persist(ts2);entitymanager.persist(nts1);entitymanager.persist(nts2);entitymanager.getTransaction().commit();entitymanager.close();emfactory.close();}}
编译并执行上述程序后,Eclipse IDE的控制台面板上会得到通知。对于输出,检查MySQL的工作台。
这里创建了三个表并且Staff表的记录为空。
TeachingStaff的结果显示如下:
Sid
Qualification
Sname
Subjectexpertise
1
MSC MED
Gopal
Maths
2
BSC BED
Manisha
English
上表TeachingStaff包含Staff和TeachingStaff实体字段。
NonTeachingStaff的结果显示如下:
Sid
Areaexpertise
Sname
3
Accounts
Satish
4
Office Admin
Krishna
上表NonTeachingStaff包含Staff和NonTeachingStaff实体字段。
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