前端从服务器获取信息,springboot 服务端获取前端传过来的参数7种方式

下面为7种服务端获取前端传过来的参数的方法

1、直接把表单的参数写在Controller相应的方法的形参中，适用于GET 和 POST请求方式

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping("/addUser1")publicString addUser1(String username,String password) {

System.out.println("username is:"+username);

System.out.println("password is:"+password);return "success";

}

}

测试代码

POST请求方式

var xhr = newXMLHttpRequest()

xhr.open('POST', 'http://localhost:8080/tools/addUser1') //设置请求行

xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')

xhr.send('username=zhangsan&password=123') //以 urlencoded 格式设置请求体

xhr.οnlοad=function(){if(xhr.readyState!==4) return console.log(xhr.responseText)

}

GET请求方式：

var xhr = newXMLHttpRequest()

xhr.open('GET', 'http://localhost:8080/tools/addUser1?username=zhangsan&password=123') //设置请求行

xhr.send()

xhr.οnlοad=function(){if(xhr.readyState!==4) return console.log(xhr.responseText)

}

2、通过HttpServletRequest接收，适用于GET 和 POST请求方式。

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping("/addUser2")publicString addUser2(HttpServletRequest request) {

String username=request.getParameter("username");

String password=request.getParameter("password");

System.out.println("username is:"+username);

System.out.println("password is:"+password);return "success";

}

}

测试代码同上

3、通过一个bean来接收，适用于GET 和 POST请求方式

(1)建立一个和表单中参数对应的bean

@Data

@Builder

@AllArgsConstructor

@NoArgsConstructorpublic classDemoUser {privateString username;privateString password;

}

(2)用这个bean来封装接收的参数

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping("/addUser3")publicString addUser3(DemoUser user) {

System.out.println("username is:"+user.getUsername());

System.out.println("password is:"+user.getPassword());return "success";

}

}

测试代码同上

4、通过@PathVariable获取路径中的参数，适用于GET请求

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping(value="/addUser4/{username}/{password}",method=RequestMethod.GET)publicString addUser4(@PathVariable String username,@PathVariable String password) {

System.out.println("username is:"+username);

System.out.println("password is:"+password);return "success";

}

}

测试代码

var xhr = newXMLHttpRequest()

xhr.open('GET', 'http://localhost:8080/tools/addUser4/username=zhangsan/password=123') //设置请求行

xhr.send()

xhr.οnlοad=function(){if(xhr.readyState!==4) return console.log(xhr.responseText)

}

自动将URL中模板变量{username}和{password}绑定到通过@PathVariable注解的同名参数上，即入参后username=zhangsan、password=123

5、使用@ModelAttribute注解获取参数，适用于POST请求

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping(value="/addUser5",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String addUser5(@ModelAttribute("user") DemoUser user) {

System.out.println("username is:"+user.getUsername());

System.out.println("password is:"+user.getPassword());return "success";

}

}

测试代码

var xhr = newXMLHttpRequest()

xhr.open('POST', 'http://localhost:8080/tools/addUser5') //设置请求行

xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded')

xhr.send('username=zhangsan&password=123')

xhr.οnlοad=function(){if(xhr.readyState!==4) return console.log(xhr.responseText)

}

6、用注解@RequestParam绑定请求参数到方法入参

当请求参数username不存在时会有异常发生,可以通过设置属性required=false解决,例如: @RequestParam(value="username", required=false)

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping(value="/addUser6",method=RequestMethod.GET)public String addUser6(@RequestParam("username") String username,@RequestParam("password") String password) {

System.out.println("username is:"+username);

System.out.println("password is:"+password);return "success";

}

}

测试代码同上

7、用注解@RequestBody绑定请求参数到方法入参  用于POST请求

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/tools")public classInnerController {

@RequestMapping(value="/addUser7",method=RequestMethod.POST)publicString addUser7(@RequestBody DemoUser user) {

System.out.println("username is:"+user.getUsername());

System.out.println("password is:"+user.getPassword());return "success";

}

}

测试代码：    请求头需要指定为json类型

var xhr = newXMLHttpRequest()

xhr.open('POST', 'http://localhost:8080/tools/addUser7') //设置请求行

xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/json')

xhr.send('{"username":"zhangsan","password":"123"}')

xhr.οnlοad=function(){if(xhr.readyState!==4) returnconsole.log(xhr.responseText)

}

DemoUser这个类为一个实体类，里面定义的属性与URL传过来的属性名一一对应。