JAVA线程的学习2（线程启动的方式）

1.start()和run()的比较

package threadcoreknowledge.startthread;

/**
 * 描述：  对比start和run两种启动线程的方式
 */
public class StartAndRunMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable =() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        };
        //调用run方法
        runnable.run();
        //调用start方法
        new Thread(runnable).start();
    }
}

运行结果

E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.5\lib\idea_rt.jar=50347:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.5\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\charsets.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jce.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jsse.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\resources.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\workspace\thread-study\out\production\demo01 threadcoreknowledge.startthread.StartAndRunMethod
main
Thread-0

Process finished with exit code 0

2.start()方法原理解读

2.1 方法意义

1. 启动新线程：当前线程调用start()方法，通知JVM在有空闲的情况下启动新线程
2. 准备工作: 子线程需要准备工作，将自己处于就绪状态（获取了除了CPU以外外的所有资源）
3. 不能重复执行start()： 重复执行start()方法的代码和结果如下

package threadcoreknowledge.startthread;

/**
 * 描述：  演示不能两次调用start方法，否则会报错
 */
public class CantStartTwice {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread();
        thread.start();
        thread.start();
    }
}

E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.5\lib\idea_rt.jar=50799:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.5\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\charsets.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jce.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\jsse.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\resources.jar;E:\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_252\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\workspace\thread-study\out\production\demo01 threadcoreknowledge.startthread.CantStartTwice
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException
	at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:708)
	at threadcoreknowledge.startthread.CantStartTwice.main(CantStartTwice.java:10)

Process finished with exit code 1

2.2 源码解析

1.启动新线程检查线程状态

   /**
     * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
     * calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread.
     * <p>
     * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
     * current thread (which returns from the call to the
     * <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its
     * <code>run</code> method).
     * <p>
     * It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
     * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
     * execution.
     *
     * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if the thread was already
     *               started.
     * @see        #run()
     * @see        #stop()
     */
    public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);

        boolean started = false;
        try {
            start0();
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }
    private native void start0();

从源码可以知道，调用start()时，会判断threadStatus !=0，很明显，刚刚的异常就是这个地方抛出来的，通过源码可以知道threadStatus是记录线程的状态，初始默认为0，当线程启动后，该线程的状态就改变了，所以threadStatus的值也就改变了，当第二次调用start()时，就会抛出异常。
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原文链接：https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104314401

2.加入线程组：group.add(this);
3.调用start0()：private native void start0();start0方法为native方法，是由C++实现的。

3.run()方法原理解读

3.1源码分析

@Override
    public void run() {
        if (target != null) {
            target.run();
        }
    }

3.2两种情况

1.重写了Thread类的run方法
2.传入了target对象

run()只是一个类中的普通方法，调用run()跟调用普通方法一样。
而调用start()，则会做一系列工作去创建新线程，然后在新线程中执行run()里面的任务内容。
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原文链接：https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104314401

总结：常见面试问题

1.一个线程两次调用start()方法会出现什么情况？为什么？
会抛出IllegalThreadStateException异常。在start()方法开始的时候就会对线程的状态进行检查，如果运行状态不是0，则会抛出异常。(补充6个状态后面学)
2.既然start()方法会调用run()方法，为什么选择调用start()方法，而不是直接调用run()方法呢？
run()只是一个类中的普通方法，调用run()跟调用普通方法一样。而调用start()，则会做一系列工作去创建新线程，然后在新线程中执行run()里面的任务内容。