linux vim 正则表达式,vim正则表达式和普通正则表达式有什么区别？

如果通过“正常正则表达式”表示Perl兼容正则表达式(PCRE)，则Vim帮助提供了Vim正则表达式与Perl之间差异的良好总结：

:help perl-patterns

这是Vim 7.2所说的内容：

9. Compare with Perl patterns *perl-patterns*

Vim's regexes are most similar to Perl's, in terms of what you can do. The

difference between them is mostly just notation; here's a summary of where

they differ:

Capability in Vimspeak in Perlspeak ~

----------------------------------------------------------------

force case insensitivity \c (?i)

force case sensitivity \C (?-i)

backref-less grouping \%(atom\) (?:atom)

conservative quantifiers \{-n,m} *?, +?, ??, {}?

0-width match atom\@= (?=atom)

0-width non-match atom\@! (?!atom)

0-width preceding match atom\@<= (?<=atom)

0-width preceding non-match atom\@

match without retry atom\@> (?>atom)

Vim and Perl handle newline characters inside a string a bit differently:

In Perl, ^ and $ only match at the very beginning and end of the text,

by default, but you can set the 'm' flag, which lets them match at

embedded newlines as well. You can also set the 's' flag, which causes

a . to match newlines as well. (Both these flags can be changed inside

a pattern using the same syntax used for the i flag above, BTW.)

On the other hand, Vim's ^ and $ always match at embedded newlines, and

you get two separate atoms, \%^ and \%$, which only match at the very

start and end of the text, respectively. Vim solves the second problem

by giving you the \_ "modifier": put it in front of a . or a character

class, and they will match newlines as well.

Finally, these constructs are unique to Perl:

- execution of arbitrary code in the regex: (?{perl code})

- conditional expressions: (?(condition)true-expr|false-expr)

...and these are unique to Vim:

- changing the magic-ness of a pattern: \v \V \m \M

(very useful for avoiding backslashitis)

- sequence of optionally matching atoms: \%[atoms]

- \& (which is to \| what "and" is to "or"; it forces several branches

to match at one spot)

- matching lines/columns by number: \%5l \%5c \%5v

- setting the start and end of the match: \zs \ze