Flex布局

liko0403

已于 2022-04-07 11:29:15 修改

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分类专栏：移动web 文章标签：前端 css html5 css3

于 2022-03-23 14:12:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42533892/article/details/123668813

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Flex布局（弹性布局，弹性盒布局）

flex布局，移动端不用考虑兼容问题，pc端需要考虑（检测https://caniuse.com/）。

flex布局原理：给父盒子添加flex属性，来控制子盒子的位置和排列方式。

给父盒子设为flex布局之后，子元素的float、clear、和vertical-align都将失效。flex将元素横向或纵向一排显示，不需要浮动，设置主轴侧轴对齐不需要再这素质垂直居中了。

属性

父级属性

flex-direction:我们的元素是跟着主轴来排列的

div {
            display: flex;
            width: 800px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: pink;
            /* 主轴默认为X，侧轴就是Y */
            /* flex-direction: row; */
            /* 翻转 */
            /* flex-direction: row-reverse; */123变321
            /* 主轴设置为Y轴，侧轴则为X */
            flex-direction: column;
        }

主轴上子元素对齐：justify-content

/* 默认的主轴是 x 轴 row */
            flex-direction: row;
            /* justify-content: 是设置主轴上子元素的排列方式 */
            justify-content: flex-start;
            justify-content: flex-end;
            /* 让我们子元素居中对齐 */
            justify-content: center;
            /* 平分剩余空间，盒子左右或上下平等 */
            justify-content: space-around;
            /* 先两边贴边， 在分配剩余的空间 */
            justify-content: space-between;

flex-wrap:子元素是否换行

   /* flex布局中，默认的子元素是不换行的， 如果装不开，会缩小子元素的宽度，放到父元素里面  */
            flex-wrap: nowrap;
            flex-wrap: wrap;

align-items:设置侧轴子元素排列，单行

/* 默认的主轴是 x 轴 row ，现在换成y轴 column*/
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
             align-items: center;

拉伸，子盒子不要给宽度或者高度（看是X还是Y轴）！！：align-items: stretch;

align-content：多行，在换行情况flex-wrap下出现,在单行没有效果

            /* 换行 */
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            /* 因为有了换行，此时我们侧轴上控制子元素的对齐方式我们用 align-content */
            /* align-content: flex-start; */
            /* align-content: center; */
            /* align-content: space-between; */两端对齐 再平均分配剩余空间 
            align-content: space-around;平均分配剩余空间给伸缩项的两端

align-content 和align-items区别

align-items 适用于单行情况下，只有上对齐、下对齐、居中和拉伸
align-content适应于换行（多行）的情况下（单行情况下无效），可以设置上对齐、下对齐、居中、拉伸以及平均分配剩余空间等属性值。
总结：单行找align-items 多行找 align-content

flex-flow:direction wrap;主轴方向换行属性合写

子级属性

flex:子项占的份数，定义子项分配剩余空间，用flex来表示占多少份数（flex=num或者数字;）

计算公式 --- 当前元素的宽度 = 当前伸缩项的flex数值 / 当前所有兄弟的伸缩项的flex数值相加的和

左右设定，中间flex:1

 <section>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
    </section>

 section {
            display: flex;
            width: 60%;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        section div:nth-child(1) {
            width: 100px;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: red;
        }

        section div:nth-child(2) {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: bisque;
        }

        section div:nth-child(3) {
            width: 200px;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: black;
        }

align-self：给子元素加侧轴对齐方式，可以单独选择子元素

只让第n个盒子对齐 align-self:flex-end;

order:值是数字，不带单位。值越小，排列越靠前，默认为0

案例（携程）

技术选型：

搭建结构：

设置视口标签以及引入初始化样式

设置常用初始化样式（居中，最大最小宽度，高亮消除）

结构

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalize.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/index.css">
    <title>携程在手，说走就走</title>
</head>

<body>
    <!-- 顶部搜索 -->
    <div class="search-index">
        <div class="search-left">搜索：目的地/酒店/景点/航班号</div>
        <a href="#" class="user">我的</a>
    </div>

    <!-- 焦点图模块 -->
    <div class="focus">
        <img src="./upload/focus.jpg" alt="">
    </div>

    <!-- 导航 -->
    <ul class="nav">
        <li>
            <a href="#" title="景点玩乐">
                <div class="top"></div>
                <span>景点玩乐</span>
            </a>
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="#" title="周边游">
                <div class="top"></div>
                <span>周边游</span>
            </a>
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="#" title="美食林">
                <div class="top"></div>
                <span>美食林</span>
            </a>
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="#" title="一日游">
                <div class="top"></div>
                <span>一日游</span>
            </a>
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="#" title="当地攻略">
                <div class="top"></div>
                <span>当地攻略</span>
            </a>
        </li>

    </ul>

    <!-- 次导航 -->
    <div class="second-nav">
        <div class="second">
            <div class="second-left">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-center">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
                <a href="#">特价酒店</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-right">
                <a href="#">特价商品</a>
                <a href="#">民宿客栈</a>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="second">
            <div class="second-left">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-center">
                <a href="#">火车票</a>
                <a href="#">特价车票</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-right">
                <a href="#">特价</a>
                <a href="#">商品</a>
            </div>
        </div>


        <div class="second">
            <div class="second-left">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-center">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
                <a href="#">特价酒店</a>
            </div>
            <div class="second-right">
                <a href="#">海外酒店</a>
                <a href="#">特价酒店</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- entry模块 -->
    <ul class="entry">
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#"><span></span><span>旅行</span></a></li>
    </ul>

    <!-- 热门活动 -->
    <div class="sales-box">
        <div class="sales-hd">
            <h2>热门活动</h2>
            <a href="#">获取更多福利</a>
        </div>
        <div class="sales-bd">
            <div class="row">
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic1.jpg" alt=""></a>
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic2.jpg" alt=""></a>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic3.jpg" alt=""></a>
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic4.jpg" alt=""></a>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic5.jpg" alt=""></a>
                <a href="#"><img src="./upload/pic6.jpg" alt=""></a>
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>

    <!-- 底部导航 -->
    <footer>
        <div class="col"><span></span><span>电话预定</span></div>
        <div class="col"><span></span><span>电话预定</span></div>
        <div class="col"><span></span><span>电话预定</span></div>
    </footer>
</body>

</html>

样式：

body {
    max-width: 540px;
    min-width: 320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font: normal 14px/1.5 Tahoma, "Lucida Grande", Verdana, "Microsoft Yahei", STXihei, hei;
    color: #000;
    background: #f2f2f2;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    /* height: 2000px; */
}

div {
    /* 大量的div用css3模型 */
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
}

ul {
    list-style: none;
    /* 清除边距 */
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.search-index {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    /* 让盒子居中 */
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    /* 兼容老版本浏览器 提倡 */
    -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);
    /* 固定定位盒子要写宽度宽度100%;因为固定定位是参照屏幕的，所以单独给固定定位的盒子加最大最小宽度，*/
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 540px;
    min-width: 320px;
    height: 50px;
    /* background-color: pink; */
    background-color: #f6f6f6;
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
    display: flex;
}

.search-left {
    flex: 1;
    height: 26px;
    /* background-color: orange; */
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    position: relative;
    margin: 7px 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #ccc;
    /* css3盒子模型，所以内容有24，因此想要文本居中减掉边框 */
    line-height: 24px;
    padding-left: 25px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.search-left::before {
    position: absolute;
    content: '';
    /* 加了定位之后，设置宽高生效 */
    /* display: block; */
    height: 15px;
    width: 15px;
    top: 5px;
    left: 5px;
    background: url(../images/sprite.png) no-repeat;
    background-size: 104px auto;
    background-position: -59px -279px;
}

.user {
    height: 44px;
    width: 44px;
    /* background-color: purple; */
    font-size: 12px;
    text-align: center;
}

.user::before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 23px;
    height: 23px;
    background: url(../images/sprite.png) no-repeat;
    background-size: 104px auto;
    background-position: -59px -194px;
    margin: 5px auto -2px;
}


/* 焦点图 */
.focus {
    padding-top: 44px;
}

.focus img {
    width: 100%;
}

/* 导航栏 */
.nav {
    display: flex;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background-color: #fff;
    margin: 3px 4px;
}

.nav li {
    flex: 20%;
}

.nav a {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    color: #222;
    font-size: 14px;
}

li a .top {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    margin-top: 8px;
    background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    background-size: 32px auto;
}

li:nth-child(2) a .top {
    background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 -32px;
    background-size: 32px auto;
}

li:nth-child(3) a .top {
    background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 -64px;
    background-size: 32px auto;
}

li:nth-child(4) a .top {
    background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 -96px;
    background-size: 32px auto;
}

li:nth-child(5) a .top {
    background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 -128px;
    background-size: 32px auto;
}


/* 次导航 */
.second-nav {
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 0 4px 3px;
}

.second {
    height: 88px;
    display: flex;
    text-align: center;
}



.second:nth-child(1) {
    /* 背景渐变必须添加浏览器私有前缀 */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #fa5a55, #fa994f);
}

.second:nth-child(2) {
    margin: 3px auto;
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #4b90ed, #53bced);
}

.second:nth-child(3) {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #34c2a9, #6cd559);
}

.second-left {
    flex: 33.33%;
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
    background: url(../images/hotel.png) no-repeat bottom center;
    background-size: 121px auto;
}

.second-left:nth-child(2) {
    background: url(../images/subnav-bg.png) no-repeat bottom center;
    background-size: 121px auto;
}

.second-left:nth-child(3) {
    background: url(../images/hotel.png) no-repeat bottom center;
    background-size: 121px auto;
}

.second-center {
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.second-center,
.second-right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    flex: 33.33%;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.second a {
    line-height: 44px;
    width: 100%;
    color: #fff;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff;
}

.second-center a,
.second-right a {
    flex: 50%;
}

.second-center a:nth-child(1),
.second-right a:nth-child(1) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;
}

/* entry模块 */
.entry {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 6px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background-color: #fff;
    margin: 0 4px;
}

.entry li {
    flex: 20%;
    height: 60px;
    /* background-color: pink; */
}

.entry li a {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    color: #000;
}

.entry li span:nth-child(1) {
    height: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    /* background-color: orange; */
    background: url(../images/subnav-bg.png) no-repeat;
    margin-top: 4px;
    background-size: 28px auto;
}

/* 热门活动 */
.salse-box {
    border-top: 1px solid #bbb;
    margin: 4px;
    height: 44px;
}

.sales-hd {
    position: relative;
    height: 44px;
    background-color: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.sales-hd h2 {
    /* position: relative; */
    text-indent: -999px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.sales-hd h2::before {
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    left: 20px;
    content: '';
    width: 79px;
    height: 15px;
    background: url(../images/hot.png) no-repeat 0 -18px;
    background-size: 75px auto;
}

.sales-hd a {
    position: absolute;
    right: 5px;
    top: 5px;
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ff506c, #ff6bc6);
    border-radius: 8px;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 3px 20px 3px 10px;
    font-size: 12px;
}

.sales-hd a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    right: 9px;
    width: 7px;
    height: 7px;
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
    transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.row {
    display: flex;
}

.row a {
    flex: 50%;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.row a:nth-child(1) {
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.row a img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

footer {
    margin-top: 8px;
    background-color: #fff;
    display: flex;
    height: 44px;

}


footer .col {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 12px;
}


footer span:nth-child(1) {
    margin-top: 3px;
    height: 30px;
    width: 30px;
    background: url(../images/sprite.png) no-repeat -55px -194px;
    background-size: 104px auto;
}

黑马

背景颜色渐变

              /* 默认从上到下 */

            background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red, blue, green);

            /* 可以加方向 */

            background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top left, red, blue, green);