目录
广播有两种,静态广播和动态广播。
1、动态方法:
重写广播接收器,用来接受广播,并根据接受到的广播进行操作。可以在上下文中重写,或者重写在一个新的文件中。
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if(networkInfo!=null && networkInfo.isAvailable())
{
Toast.makeText(context,"Network is available",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(context,"Network is unavailable!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
定义一些将要用到的参数:
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
在onCreate中注册广播:
//新建一个IntentFilter实例,并添加一个action
//当网络发生变化时,系统发出的正是android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE的一条广播,如果需要监听别的广播,就添加相应的action
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明许可:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
在OnDestroy中取消注册:
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
//注意:动态注册的广播接收器一定要取消注册。
unregisterReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver);
}
2、静态注册广播
静态注册可以让程序在未启动的情况下就能接收到广播。通过如图所示的方法静态注册。
之后会跳转到如图所示的界面,给广播接收器取一个名字,点击finish即可。这里取得名字是
BootCompleteReceiver
修改相应代码即可实现接收到相应的广播后实现相应的功能。
package com.example.broadcasttest;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
// throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complete",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
注意:静态的广播接收器一定要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册才可以使用:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.broadcasttest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.BroadcastTest">
<receiver
android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
这样就可以接收开机广播了。
注意:如果您的应用以 API 级别 26 或更高级别的平台版本为目标,则不能使用清单为隐式广播(没有明确针对您的应用的广播)声明接收器,但一些不受此限制的隐式广播除外。在大多数情况下,您可以使用调度作业来代替。
3、发送和接收自定义广播
先定义一个广播接收器用来接收自定义的广播:
package com.example.broadcasttest;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
Toast.makeText(context,"Received in mybroadcastReceiver",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册该自定义广播
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
创建一个按钮用于发送广播
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_button"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="send Broadcast"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
给按钮添加监听
//button
//点击按钮,发送广播
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendBroadcast(intent);
// Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"the Broadcast has been sent",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
在OnCreate中接收广播:
//监听自己发送的广播
IntentFilter myIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
myIntentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
myBroadcastReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
registerReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver,myIntentFilter);
4、跨程序接收广播
广播是一种可以跨进程的通讯方式,在一个应用程序发出的广播,其他的应用程序也是可以收到的。
在另一个项目中定义一个广播接收器并注册:
package com.example.broadcasttest2;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
Toast.makeText(context,"Received in AnotherbroadcastReceiver",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.broadcasttest2">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.BroadcastTest2">
<receiver
android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
并在OnCreate中接收该广播
package com.example.broadcasttest2;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private AnotherBroadcastReceiver anotherBroadcastReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//监听自己发送的广播
IntentFilter myIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
myIntentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
anotherBroadcastReceiver = new AnotherBroadcastReceiver();
registerReceiver(anotherBroadcastReceiver,myIntentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(anotherBroadcastReceiver);
}
}
之后,我们打开第一个程序,点击按钮发送广播,屏幕上会先出现第一个程序接收到广播的提示,之后会弹出第二个程序接收到广播的提示。