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LINUX

Linux LinuxPOSIX 19912001Linux2.4 2003Linux2.6

LinuxPMMU -- VFS TCP/IP SMP3264CPU

LinuxSystem callShelllibKernelimplementation

(the users)

Shells and commands

Compilers and interpreters

System libraries

System-call interface to the kernel

Memory manager

Signal

File systems

Device drivers

Process management

Net work

Kernel interface to the hardware

Memory controllers

Physical memory

Device controllers

Disks and tapes

Terminal controllers

Terminals

lsShelllsforkshellforkforkCOWexeclsShelllsshell

Linux VFS

CkcoreMFCRMTCRPSRSETPSRCLRRFIRTESTOPWAITDOZE

()()

linux

Linux

ckcoreLinux kerneltrap 0

trap 0 PSR1 r1

APIAPI

trap 0

1

2

Linux 2.6 300Cmalloc() sbrk() sys_brk sys_brk 45, C movi r1, 45 trap 0

Linux

slabioremap

324G

CkcoreMMUMMU

USEGSSEG00~512M PAcacheSSEG10~512M PAcacheSSEG2

ckcore Linux2G2G

User Mapped(Useg:2GB)

Supervisor Mapped(SSEG2: 1GB)

Supervisor Unmapped(SSEG1: 512MB)

Supervisor Unmapped(SSEG0: 512MB)

0x0000 0000

0x8000 0000

0xa000 0000

0xc000 0000

0xffff ffff

MMU

CPU

PT 4MB

PT

pte_t

0

12

22

31

PGD PT 4kB+4KB*N

PGD

pgd_t

PT

pte_t

PGD

PT

0

12

22

31

PGD

struct page

struct page

struct page

mem_map

offset

free_area[MAX_ORDER]

mem_map[offset]

zone

free_area[0]

free_area[1]

free_area[2]

free_area[10]

free_area

age

count

page

list

4000

4007

mem_map[4000]

Physical memory

mm

task_struct

mmap

pgd

mm_struct

vm_next

vm_end

vm_start

vm_area_struct

Virtual area

Process virtual memory

0x00000000

0x7fffffff

PGD

PT

pgd_t

pte_t

vm_next

vm_area_struct

Linux

Flash

slab

Slab1mm, skb, vm2

ioremap() :

ioremap()

2GB

Linux VFS

01

task_structPID (Process IDPID)PIDpid

include/linux/sched.h struct task_struct

Linux2.6TASK_RUNNINGTASK_INTERRUPTIBLETASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLEinterruptTASK_STOPPEDTASK_TRACEDTASK_DEADdo_exit()TASK_WAKEKILL

Linux2.6

1. TASK_DEADexit_state EXIT_ZOMBIE EXIT_DEAD wait4() waitpid() wait()

2. TASK_WAKEKILL #define TASK_KILLABLE (TASK_WAKEKILL | TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)#define TASK_STOPPED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_STOPPED)#define TASK_TRACED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_TRACED)

TASK_KILLABLETASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE

TASK_DEAD( EXIT_ZOMBIEEXIT_DEAD)

TASK_INTERRUPTIBLEorTASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLEorTASK_KILLABLE

Linux8KBthread_info

8KB thread_info

8ktask_struct (thread);

TASK_RUNNING

n2.4O(n)

Linux 2.6 O(1)

CPUsleep()schedule()need_resched = 1

preemptible C

(process switching)CPU

CPU

linuxthread_infothread_struct,

thread_info

struct thread_info { struct task_struct *task; /* main task structure */ unsigned long flags; struct exec_domain *exec_domain; /* execution domain */ int preempt_count; /* 0 => preemptable, BUG */ mm_segment_t addr_limit;

struct restart_block restart_block; struct pt_regs *regs;};

thread_struct

struct thread_struct { unsigned long ksp; /* kernel stack pointer */ unsigned long usp; /* user stack pointer */ unsigned long sr; /* saved status register */ unsigned long crp[2]; /* cpu root pointer */ unsigned long esp0; /* points to SR of stack frame */

/* Other stuff associated with the thread. */ unsigned long address; /* Last user fault */ unsigned long baduaddr; unsigned long error_code; unsigned long trap_no;};

pt_regs

struct pt_regs { unsigned long pc; long r1; long syscallr2; unsigned long sr; long r2; long r3; long r4; long r5; long r6; long r7; long r8; long r9; long r10; long r11; long r12; long r13; long r14; long r15;};

thread_infothread_info

thread_info

STACK

task_struct

thread_struct

pt_regs

ksp

mm_struct

current taskcurrenttask_struct

Linuxforkvforkclonedo_fork

fork clone vforktask_struct

execveforkexec

If (result = fork() == 0){/* */if (execve(new_program,)

exit()[Cmain()]exit()

CPU

0start_kernel()mmfsfilessignals0initcpu_idle0idle

1initinitinit()

init()execve()initinit

init

Linux VFS

VFSVFS

Virtual Filesystem SwitchVFSread()write()open()file_operations

VFSshell$ cp /floppy/TEST /tmp/test cpVFS

VFSVFSext2ext3ReiserFS MINIX MS-DOS NTFS VFAT DVD JFS NFSCodaAFSSMBNCP/proc

VFSsuperblock inode /inodedentry file

ext2 - - - ext2_inode - ext2_dir_entry_2

super_block inode ext2_inode dentry ext2_dir_entry_2

super_block

dentryinode

dentryinode

Filename

dentryinode

file

/

Fid

file

dentryinode

+

init_mount_tree

sys_mountsys_umountmount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt

VFSmountumount/sysfs statfsfstatfsustat chroot chdirfchdirgetcwd mkdirrmdir /getdentsreaddir link unlink rename readlink symlink chown fchown lchown chmod fchmod utime openclosecreate

Linux VFS

Unix326432

- - sys_signal(signum, handler)sys_sigaction(signum, act, oact) handleractcurrent->sighand->action[sig-1]

task_structpendingstruct sigpending pendingstruct sigpending{struct list_head list;sigset_t signal;};signal listsigqueuetask_struct struct sigqueue { struct list_head list; int flags; siginfo_t info; struct user_struct *user;};

int kill(pid_t pid,int signo) pid 1. > 0; 2. = 0; 3. = -101current; 4. < -1

int sigqueue(pid_t pid, int sig, const union sigval val)

schedule()

ret_from_exception

ret_from_int

ret_from_syscall

need_reschedule?

signal pending?

do_signal

restore_hw_context

N

Y

N

Y

1. 2. - Terminate- Dumpcore- Ignore- StopTASK_STOPPED- ContinueTASK_RUNNING3. -

do_signal() sighandaction: - SIG_IGN, - SIG_DFL, - handle_signal()

handle_signal() handle_signal

1. 2. 3.

Linuxsys_sigreturn()

Frame1

Frame2

Sigframe

Frame2

Frame1

Frame1

Frame2

1

2

3

4

Frame2

1

2

3

4

Linux VFS

CPUinit

head.Sckcore head.S PSR cache MMU SSEG0BSSstart_kerneljsri

User Mapped(Useg:2GB)

Supervisor Mapped(SSEG2: 1GB)

Supervisor Unmapped(SSEG1: 512MB)

Supervisor Unmapped(SSEG0: 512MB)

0x0000 0000

0x8000 0000

0xa000 0000

0xc000 0000

0xffff ffff

start_kernel setup_arch(): trap_init(): init_IRQ():IRQ sched_init(): 0 softirq_init(): console_init(): init_modules():kernel_module fork_init(): rest_init()kernel_thread()init, init

initinitdo_basic_setup() PCI /dev/console execve/sbin/initlinux

Thank youLinux .LINUX .c640 MMU Micro-Architecture .linux2.6.30.4 .