requests (第三方库）基于urllib3 使用更加方便

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# requests 是一个用python语言写的第三方库，在使用的时候，需要手动安装(pip install requests)
# 非常好用，基于urllib3

import requests


'''
requests 请求的函数
# requests.Request
# requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)
# requests.get(url, params, **kwargs)
# requests.post(url, data, json, **kwargs)
# requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
# requests.session()
'''

'''
reqiests 发起get请求的响应页面的方法 

response = requests.get(url, params, **kwargs)
response.request
response.content       # 获取的是二进制文本
response.text          # 获取的是string字符串
response.headers       # 获取请求头
response.encoding      # 获取服务器的响应页面的编码格式
response.url           # 获取浏览器向服务器发送的URL
response.status_code   # 获取服务器向浏览器返回的状态吗
response.cookies       # 获取服务器响应后的cookies
'''

'''
requests 发起post请求的响应页面的方法 （与get相同）

response = requests.post(url, data, json, **kwargs)
response.cookies
response.status_code
response.url
response.encoding
response.headers
response.text
response.content
response.request
'''


# response = requests.get(url='https://www.baidu.com/')


# Caused by SSLError(CertificateError
headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.139 Safari/537.36',
           'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8'}

# 添加一个verify = False ,取消证书的验证
response = requests.get(url='https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/',verify = False,headers = headers)

# 将获取的响应页面进行编码
response.encoding = 'utf-8'

# 获取响应页面的string文本
content = response.text

print(content)