java框架action_JAVAEE框架学习——Struts2——Action API 使用

Action API

通过ActionContext 获取不同域对象 存放值

Object get(Object key) 类似于调用HttpServletRequest 的 getAttribute(String name)方法

Map getApplication() 返回一个Map对象 该对象模拟了应用ServletContext实例

static ActionContext getContext() 静态方法 获取系统的ActionContext实例

Map getParameters() 获取所有的请求参数。类似调用HttpServletRequest对象的getParameterMap()方法

Map getSession() 返回一个Map对象 该Map对象模拟了HttpSession实例

void setApplication(Map application) 直接传入一个Map实例，将该Map实例里的key-value对象转换成application的属性名、属性值

void setSession(Map session) 直接传入一个Map实例，将该Map实例里的key-value对转换成session的属性名、属性值

结果跳转方式

Struts2中常用的结果跳转方式有4中：

转发

/hello.jsp

查看源码分析

Struts2按照struts-default.xml配置文件可以找到 dispathcer对应的类 名为

rg.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult

进入这个类中，我们可以看到如下的代码

/**

* Dispatches to the given location. Does its forward via a RequestDispatcher. If the

* dispatch fails a 404 error will be sent back in the http response.

*

* @param finalLocation the location to dispatch to.

* @param invocation the execution state of the action

* @throws Exception if an error occurs. If the dispatch fails the error will go back via the

* HTTP request.

*/

public void doExecute(String finalLocation, ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {

if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

LOG.debug("Forwarding to location " + finalLocation);

}

PageContext pageContext = ServletActionContext.getPageContext();

if (pageContext != null) {

pageContext.include(finalLocation);

} else {

HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(finalLocation);

//add parameters passed on the location to #parameters

// see WW-2120

if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(finalLocation) && finalLocation.indexOf("?") > 0) {

String queryString = finalLocation.substring(finalLocation.indexOf("?") + 1);

Map parameters = getParameters(invocation);

Map queryParams = urlHelper.parseQueryString(queryString, true);

if (queryParams != null && !queryParams.isEmpty())

parameters.putAll(queryParams);

}

// if the view doesn't exist, let's do a 404

if (dispatcher == null) {

response.sendError(404, "result '" + finalLocation + "' not found");

return;

}

//if we are inside an action tag, we always need to do an include

Boolean insideActionTag = (Boolean) ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(request.getAttribute(StrutsStatics.STRUTS_ACTION_TAG_INVOCATION), Boolean.FALSE);

// If we're included, then include the view

// Otherwise do forward

// This allow the page to, for example, set content type

if (!insideActionTag && !response.isCommitted() && (request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.include.servlet_path") == null)) {

request.setAttribute("struts.view_uri", finalLocation);

request.setAttribute("struts.request_uri", request.getRequestURI());

dispatcher.forward(request, response);

} else {

dispatcher.include(request, response);

}

}

}

由源码可以看到

先通过ServletActionContext.getRequest() 获取到了HttpServletRequest 这就是请求对象

通过ServletActionContext.getResponse()获取到了HttpServletResponse() 响应对象

通过请求和响应对象来进行结果的操作，其中

* 请求对象 request.getRequestDispatcher() 获得转发器，在最后dispathcer.forward(req,res)

可以看出 Struts2的转发 就是封装的Servlet的转发，加入了一些逻辑

重定向

/hello.jsp

查看源码分析

HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) ctx.get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_RESPONSE);

sendRedirect(response, finalLocation);

同样 封装的Servlet重定向

转发到Action

Demo1Action

/

重定向到Action

Demo1Action

/

获得Servlet API

Struts2的Action没有与任何Servlet API耦合，这是Struts2的一个改良之处

原理

原理

通过ActionContext

Struts2提供了ActionContext来访问Servlet API ActionContext是Action执行的上下文对象。在ActionContext中保存了Action执行所需要的所有对象。包括parameters,request,session,application等

ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();

//获得request域 struts不推荐使用request域

Map requestScope = (Map) context.get("request");

//推荐 ActionContext

ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "requestTom");

//获得session域

Map session = context.getSession();

session.put("name", "sessionTom");

//获得application域

Map application = context.getApplication();

application.put("name", "applicationTom");

return SUCCESS;

获得session域

Map session = context.getSession();

获得Application域

Map application = context.getApplication();

通过ServletActionContext

为了直接访问Servlet API Struts2框架还提供了ServletActionContext类

public String execute(){

//原生request

HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

//原生session

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

//原生response

HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

//原生servletContext

ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();

return SUCCESS;

}

通过实现接口方式

Struts2接口

public class Demo7Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware, ServletContextAware {

private ServletContext context;

private HttpServletRequest request;

private HttpServletResponse resp;

@Override

public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {

this.request = request;

}

@Override

public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {

this.resp = response;

}

@Override

public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {

this.context = context;

}

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.println("原生request" + request);

return SUCCESS;

}

由拦截器完成

Action中获得参数

第一种：通过与参数键名称相同的属性

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.println(this.name);

return SUCCESS;

}

属性驱动获得参数

private String name;

private Integer age;

private Date birthday;

public Date getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.println(this.name);

System.out.println(this.age);

System.out.println(this.birthday);

return SUCCESS;

}

用户名：

年龄：

生日：

第二种 对象驱动

创建对象

public class User {

private String name;

private Integer age;

private Date birthday;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

public Date getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

}

}

页面指定提交到对象的对应属性

用户名：

年龄：

生日：

Action 中声名对象属性

private User user;

public User getUser() {

return user;

}

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.printf(this.user.toString());

return SUCCESS;

}

其实某种意义上 对象驱动和属性驱动没有什么区别，只是将属性换成了对象

第三种 模型驱动

Action实现ModelDriven接口

public class Demo10Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven {

private User user = new User();

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.printf(this.user.toString());

return SUCCESS;

}

/**

* @return 返回需要封装的对象

*/

@Override

public User getModel() {

return user;

}

}

页面正常提交

用户名：

年龄：

生日：

缺点：封装的模型单一

原理(正在学习 日后补)

集合类型参数封装

封装list

Action类

private List list;

public List getList() {

return list;

}

public void setList(List list) {

this.list = list;

}

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.println("list" + list);

return SUCCESS;

}

页面page

list:

list:

前端表单指定name="list" Struts2直接将参数封装到list集合中

指定添加索引

list:

封装Map

Action类

public void setMap(Map map) {

this.map = map;

}

public List getList() {

return list;

}

@Override

public String execute() throws Exception {

System.out.println("list" + list);

System.out.println("map" + map);

return SUCCESS;

}

页面page

list:

扩展知识

StrutsMVC

StrutsMVC

Action 生命周期

每次接收请求到来时，都会创建一个新的Action实例

Action是线程安全的，可以使用成员变量接收参数