python Django学习（18）——ModelForm

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 17:28:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 17:28:45 发布

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文章标签： python Django

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42567323/article/details/102607655

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前言

    之前我们在做数据库操作的时候,用的是models组件,而做form验证的时候用的是Form组件.这两个组件都有各自的适用场景,但也有明显的缺点.
    Django为我们提供了另一个非常强大的组件:ModelForm.
    ModelForm,一看名字我们大概也能猜到它的作用.ModelForm是Model和Form的结合体,顾名思义:ModelForm即可以做验证,也可以做数据库操作.

一.Model和Form回顾

这两篇文章中记录了一些Model和Form的操作:
python Django学习（8）——数据库操作整理
 python Django学习（17）——Form组件验证

二.ModelForm

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets
from django.forms import fields as Ffields


# Create your views here.

class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:                     #　注：Meta中的每一句都不能加逗号
        model = models.UserInfo     # 与models建立了依赖关系,这里的UserInfo就是models.py中的UserInfo
        fields = '__all__'          # fields:如果是__all__就表示列出所有字段
        # fields = ['username']         # 这样的话只显示usernanem
        # exclude = ['username']        # 这样是排除username,剩下的都显示
        labels = {
            'username':'用户名',
            'email':'邮箱'
        }                       # label就是input框前面的label
        help_texts={
            'username':'...'
        }                       # 是提示信息

        widgets = {
            # 'username':Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'})
        }

        error_messages = {
            '__all__':{

            },              # 定义整体的错误信息
            'email': {
                'required': '邮箱不能为空',
                'invalid': '邮箱格式错误..',
            }
        }                       # 定义错误信息

        field_classes = {
            # 'email':Ffields.URLField      # 这里因为是field_classes,所以只能填类,要是加上括号就成对象了,就会报错
        }

        # localized_fields = ('ctime':)     # 设置时区

    def clean_username(self):
        old = self.cleaned_data['username']

        return old



def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = UserInfoModelForm()
        return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})

    elif request.method == "POST":
        obj = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():      # 判断是否验证成功
            obj.save()          # 把form提交的正确的数据全部保存到数据库中
            # 下面这三句代码和obj.save这一句代码是一样的
            # instance = obj.save(False)
            # instance.save()
            # obj.save_m2m()
        return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})



def user_list(request):
    li = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('user_type')
    return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':li})


def user_edit(request,nid):
    # 获取当前id对象的用户信息
    # 显示用户已经存在的数据
    if request.method == "GET":
        user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        mf = UserInfoModelForm(instance=user_obj)
        return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf': mf, 'nid': nid})
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        mf = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=user_obj)
        if mf.is_valid():
            mf.save()
        else:
            print(mf.errors.as_json())
            return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'nid': nid})

models.py:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class UserType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserGroup(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()
    user_type = models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field='id',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    u2g = models.ManyToManyField(UserGroup)

user_list.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
        <ul>
            {% for row in li %}
                <li>{{ row.username }} - {{ row.user_type.caption }} - <a href="/app01/edit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
</body>
</html>

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/app01/index/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ obj.as_p }}
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

user_edit.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>user_edit</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="POST" action="/edit-{{ nid }}/">
        {% csrf_token %}
            {{ mf.as_p }}
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>

</body>
</html>

url.py:

from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views


urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index),
    path('user_list/', views.user_list),
    re_path('edit-(\d+)/', views.user_edit),
]

urls.py:

"""day24 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.urls.conf import include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('app01/', include('app01.url')),
]