介绍
sqlite是纯C语言中底层的数据库,在OC和Swift中都是经常使用的数据库,在开发中,可以使用代码创建数据库,可以使用图形化界面创建数据库。例如SQLiteManager、SQLiteStudio等
常用方法
方法名称 | 描述 |
---|---|
OpaquePointer: *db | 数据库句柄,跟文件句柄FIFL类似,这里是sqlite3指针 |
sqlite3_stmt: *stmt | 相当于ODBC的Command对象,用于保存编译好的SQL语句 |
sqlite3_open() | 打开数据库,没有数据库时创建 |
sqlite3_exec() | 执行非查询的SQL语句 |
sqlite3_step() | 在调用sqlite3_prepare后,使用这个函数在记录集中移动 |
sqlite3_close() | 关闭数据库文件 |
sqlite3_column_text() | 取text类型的数据 |
sqlite3_column_blob() | 取blob类型的数据 |
sqlite3_column_int() | 取int类型的数据 |
引入Sqlite
引入Sqlite数据库的方式,网上有很多,我这里就不在赘述了
具体操作
数据库连接操作(包括数据库的创建,表的创建,表的查询,修改,删除等操作)
class SQLiteConnect {
var db :OpaquePointer? = nil
let sqlitePath :String
init?(path :String) {
sqlitePath = path
db = self.openDatabase(sqlitePath)
if db == nil {
return nil
}
}
// 連結資料庫 connect database
func openDatabase(_ path :String) -> OpaquePointer? {
var connectdb: OpaquePointer? = nil
if sqlite3_open(path, &connectdb) == SQLITE_OK {
print("Successfully opened database \(path)")
return connectdb!
} else {
print("Unable to open database.")
return nil
}
}
// 建立資料表 create table
func createTable(_ tableName :String, columnsInfo :[String]) -> Bool {
let sql = "create table if not exists \(tableName) "
+ "(\(columnsInfo.joined(separator: ",")))"
if sqlite3_exec(self.db, sql.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8), nil, nil, nil) == SQLITE_OK{
return true
}
return false
}
// 新增資料
func insert(_ tableName :String, rowInfo :[String:String]) -> Bool {
var statement :OpaquePointer? = nil
let sql = "insert into \(tableName) "
+ "(\(rowInfo.keys.joined(separator: ","))) "
+ "values (\(rowInfo.values.joined(separator: ",")))"
if sqlite3_prepare_v2(self.db, sql.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8), -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK {
if sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE {
return true
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement)
}
return false
}
// 讀取資料
func fetch(_ tableName :String, cond :String?, order :String?) -> OpaquePointer {
var statement :OpaquePointer? = nil
var sql = "select * from \(tableName)"
if let condition = cond {
sql += " where \(condition)"
}
if let orderBy = order {
sql += " order by \(orderBy)"
}
sqlite3_prepare_v2(self.db, sql.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8), -1, &statement, nil)
return statement!
}
// 更新資料
func update(_ tableName :String, cond :String?, rowInfo :[String:String]) -> Bool {
var statement :OpaquePointer? = nil
var sql = "update \(tableName) set "
// row info
var info :[String] = []
for (k, v) in rowInfo {
info.append("\(k) = \(v)")
}
sql += info.joined(separator: ",")
// condition
if let condition = cond {
sql += " where \(condition)"
}
if sqlite3_prepare_v2(self.db, sql.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8), -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK {
if sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE {
return true
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement)
}
return false
}
// 刪除資料
func delete(_ tableName :String, cond :String?) -> Bool {
var statement :OpaquePointer? = nil
var sql = "delete from \(tableName)"
// condition
if let condition = cond {
sql += " where \(condition)"
}
if sqlite3_prepare_v2(self.db, sql.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8), -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK {
if sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE {
return true
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement)
}
return false
}
}
使用
var db :SQLiteConnect?
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// 資料庫檔案的路徑
let urls = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let sqlitePath = urls[urls.count-1].absoluteString + "sqlite3.db"
// 印出儲存檔案的位置
print(sqlitePath)
// SQLite 資料庫
db = SQLiteConnect(path: sqlitePath)
if let mydb = db {
// create table
let _ = mydb.createTable("students", columnsInfo: [
"id integer primary key autoincrement",
"name text",
"height double"])
// insert
let _ = mydb.insert("students", rowInfo: ["name":"'大強'","height":"178.2"])
// select
let statement = mydb.fetch("students", cond: "1 == 1", order: nil)
while sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW{
let id = sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0)
let name = String(cString: sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1))
let height = sqlite3_column_double(statement, 2)
print("\(id). \(name) 身高: \(height)")
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement)
// update
let _ = mydb.update("students", cond: "id = 1", rowInfo: ["name":"'小強'","height":"176.8"])
// delete
let _ = mydb.delete("students", cond: "id = 5")
}
}
使用sqlite.swift框架
import UIKit
import SQLite
struct SQLiteManager {
private var db: Connection!
private let users = Table("users") //表名
private let id = Expression<Int64>("id") //主键
private let name = Expression<String>("name") //列表1
private let email = Expression<String>("email") //列表2
init() {
createdsqlite3()
}
//创建数据库文件
mutating func createdsqlite3(filePath: String = "/Documents") {
let sqlFilePath = NSHomeDirectory() + filePath + "/db.sqlite3"
do {
db = try Connection(sqlFilePath)
try db.run(users.create { t in
t.column(id, primaryKey: true)
t.column(name)
t.column(email, unique: true)
})
} catch { print(error) }
}
//插入数据
func insertData(_name: String, _email: String){
do {
let insert = users.insert(name <- _name, email <- _email)
try db.run(insert)
} catch {
print(error)
}
}
//读取数据
func readData() -> [(id: String, name: String, email: String)] {
var userData = (id: "", name: "", email: "")
var userDataArr = [userData]
for user in try! db.prepare(users) {
userData.id = String(user[id])
userData.name = user[name]
userData.email = user[email]
userDataArr.append(userData)
}
return userDataArr
}
//更新数据
func updateData(userId: Int64, old_name: String, new_name: String) {
let currUser = users.filter(id == userId)
do {
try db.run(currUser.update(name <- name.replace(old_name, with: new_name)))
} catch {
print(error)
}
}
//删除数据
func delData(userId: Int64) {
let currUser = users.filter(id == userId)
do {
try db.run(currUser.delete())
} catch {
print(error)
}
}
}
使用:
let sqliteContext = SQLiteManager() //如果没有,默认创建数据库及表格
//插入数据
sqliteContext.insertData("username", _email: "email@126.com")
//读取全部数据
//要想读取指定数据,可以自己自定义转换成其他模型,比如字典+元组,可以根据id查找
let dataM = sqliteContext.readData()
print(dataM)
//更新数据 1 -> 用户id
sqliteContext.updateData(1, old_name: "oldValue", new_name: "newValue")
//删除数据
sqliteContext.delData(1) // 1 -> 用户id
参考资料
ios sqlite3的使用
Swift起步走
swift第三方框架之sqlite3
github的sqlite.swift