【Vulkan】Variable Rate Shading（一）【VRS】

Variable Rate Shading

配置

依赖、特性、属性

• 使能 Device 扩展：
  VK_KHR_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_EXTENSION_NAME 或者 “VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate”

• 查询 DeviceFeature（依赖 vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2）
  VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateFeaturesKHR

  • pipelineFragmentShadingRate ：per-draw fragment shading rate 基于 drawcall 粒度
  • primitiveFragmentShadingRate ：per-triangle fragment shading rate 基于 triangle 粒度
  • attachmentFragmentShadingRate ：per-screen-region fragment shading rate 基于屏幕空间区域粒度

• 查询 DeviceProperties（依赖 vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2）

typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR {
    VkStructureType          sType;
    void*                    pNext;
    VkExtent2D               minFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize;
    VkExtent2D               maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize;
    uint32_t                 maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSizeAspectRatio;
    VkBool32                 primitiveFragmentShadingRateWithMultipleViewports;
    VkBool32                 layeredShadingRateAttachments;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateNonTrivialCombinerOps;
    VkExtent2D               maxFragmentSize;
    uint32_t                 maxFragmentSizeAspectRatio;
    uint32_t                 maxFragmentShadingRateCoverageSamples;
    VkSampleCountFlagBits    maxFragmentShadingRateRasterizationSamples;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithShaderDepthStencilWrites;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithSampleMask;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithShaderSampleMask;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithConservativeRasterization;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithFragmentShaderInterlock;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateWithCustomSampleLocations;
    VkBool32                 fragmentShadingRateStrictMultiplyCombiner;
} VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR;

• 查询 FragmentShadingRates
  fragment shading rate 与 MutliSample 密切相关，可通过 vkGetPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatesKHR 返回一组排序后的 Device 支持的 [fragmentSize, multiSample] 配置。

  • width 与 height 必须为 2^N
  • width * height * maxSample <= maxFragmentShadingRateCoverageSamples

  厂商实现必须至少支持：

  samplerCounts	fragmentSize
  VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT | VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT	{2,2}
  VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT | VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT	{2,1}
  ~0	{1,1}

Pipeline Fragment Shading Rate (per draw)

typedef struct VkPipelineFragmentShadingRateStateCreateInfoKHR {
    VkStructureType                       sType;
    const void*                           pNext;
    VkExtent2D                            fragmentSize;
    VkFragmentShadingRateCombinerOpKHR    combinerOps[2];
} VkPipelineFragmentShadingRateStateCreateInfoKHR;

fragmentSize ：定义使用当前 pso 绘制区域 pipeline fragment shadeing rate 的大小。
combinerOps[0] ：组合 pipeline and primitive
combinerOps[1] ：组合 [0] 结果 和 attachment

组合选项：

CombinerOp	result
VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_KEEP_KHR	Combine(A, B) = A
VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_REPLACE_KHR	Combine(A, B) = B
VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_MIN_KHR	Combine(A, B) = min(A, B)
VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_MAX_KHR	Combine(A, B) = max(A, B)
VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_MUL_KHR	Combine(A, B) = A * B

简单的 4 x 4 pipeline perDraw 试验，下图左边三角形关闭 vrs，右边开启

Primitive Fragment Shading Rate (per primitive)

主要在 shader 中进行处理，需要 glsl 扩展 GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate

新增关键字：

关键字	说明
gl_ShadingRateEXT	primitive shading rate 输出
gl_ShadingRateFlag2VerticalPixelsEXT	Vertical2Pixels，bitValue: 1
gl_ShadingRateFlag4VerticalPixelsEXT	Vertical4Pixels，bitValue: 2
gl_ShadingRateFlag2HorizontalPixelsEXT	Horizontal2Pixels，bitValue: 4
gl_ShadingRateFlag4HorizontalPixelsEXT	Horizontal4Pixels，bitValue: 8
gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT	fragment shader 输入

VS 中处理示例：

void main() {
    gl_Position = vec4(positions[gl_VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0);
    gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT = gl_ShadingRateFlag2VerticalPixelsEXT | gl_ShadingRateFlag2HorizontalPixelsEXT;
//    gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT = gl_ShadingRateFlag2VerticalPixelsEXT | gl_ShadingRateFlag4HorizontalPixelsEXT;
//    gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT = gl_ShadingRateFlag4VerticalPixelsEXT | gl_ShadingRateFlag2HorizontalPixelsEXT;
//    gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT = gl_ShadingRateFlag4VerticalPixelsEXT | gl_ShadingRateFlag4HorizontalPixelsEXT;
    outColor = color[gl_VertexIndex];
}

Attachment Fragment Shading Rate (per screen retion)

使用 RenderPass 进行配置，需要 ‘vkCreateRenderPass2’，基于 SubPass 粒度，pNext 添加结构体

typedef struct VkFragmentShadingRateAttachmentInfoKHR {
    VkStructureType                  sType;
    const void*                      pNext;
    const VkAttachmentReference2*    pFragmentShadingRateAttachment;
    VkExtent2D                       shadingRateAttachmentTexelSize;
} VkFragmentShadingRateAttachmentInfoKHR;

shadingRateAttachmentTexelSize 受以下限制

• minFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize, 需要 2^N, Spec 保证至少支持（32， 32）
• maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize, 需要 2^N, Spec 保证至少支持（8， 8）
• maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSizeAspectRatio

添加 ShadingRateAttachment，同时增加

• Access Flag: VK_ACCESS_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT_KHR 同 VK_ACCESS_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_READ_BIT_NV
• PipelineStage: VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR 同 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_BIT_NV
• Image Usage：VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR 同 VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_BIT_NV
• Image Layout：VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR 同 VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADING_RATE_OPTIMAL_NV

对应的 FrameBuffer 只需要添加对应的 slot 的 ImageView 即可，需要控制 ShadingRate Attachment 大小

• width：fbWidth / texelWidth
• height: fbHeight / texelHeight

参考连接：

• [1] GLSL_fragmentShading
• [2] Vulkan-Sample